Views: 6 Ɔkyerɛwfo: Site Editor Publish Time: 2025-09-11 Mfiase: Beaeɛ
Nneɛma a wɔyɛ no bere a wɔde yɛ adwuma no ma wɔn a wɔyɛ nneɛma no bɔ ka ɔpepepem pii afe biara, na mfiri a wɔanyɛ ho nhyehyɛe no sɛe nneɛma a wɔyɛ no na mfaso a wonya fi mu no sɛe. Smart manufacturing solutions ma ɔkwan a wɔada no adi sɛ ɛbɛma saa ntwitwiridii a ɛho ka yɛ den yi so atew kɛse denam nkɔmhyɛ nhwehwɛmu, bere ankasa mu nhwehwɛmu, ne automated optimization so.
Saa akwankyerɛ a ɛkɔ akyiri yi ma afifide so ahwɛfo nya ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ adwuma no anammɔn anammɔn a wɔde bedi dwuma wɔ mfiridwuma a ɛyɛ nyansa a ɛma bere a wɔde yɛ adwuma a wɔanyɛ ho nhyehyɛe no so tew. Efi mfiase nhwehwɛmu so kosi deployment a edi mũ so no, wubesua sɛnea wode IoT sensor, dijitaal twins, ne AI-driven insights bedi dwuma de adan wo production floor no ayɛ adwuma a ɛyɛ den, a ɛyɛ adwuma yiye.
Production downtime gyina hɔ ma biribiara a wɔanyɛ ho nhyehyɛe a ɛma nneɛma a wɔyɛ no so tew ba fam sen nea wɔayɛ ho nhyehyɛe no. Saa ntwitwagye yi fi nnwinnade a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye, nsakrae bere a wɔatrɛw mu, adwuma a wɔyɛ no yiye a wɔhwehwɛ, ne bere a adwumayɛfo nyɛ hwee wɔ mfiridwuma ho nsɛm mu.
Nneɛma a wɔyɛ no bere a wɔde yɛ adwuma no ma wɔn a wɔyɛ nneɛma no yɛ ɔpepepem pii afe biara wɔ nnwuma ahorow nyinaa mu. Sikasɛm mu nkɛntɛnso no kɔ akyiri sen nneɛma a wɔyɛ a wɔhwere ntɛm ara no ma ɛka ho ne adwumayɛfo a wɔyɛ adwuma boro so, nneɛma a wɔbɔ ho ka ntɛmntɛm, ne asotwe a wobetumi de ama adetɔfo wɔ nneɛma a wɔde kɔ akyiri ho.
Fa saa nhyehyɛe yi bu wo bere a wode bɛyɛ adwuma no ho ka: bere a wode bɛyɛ adwuma ( nnɔnhwerew) × Adwumayɛfo dodow × afiri dɔnhwerew biara . Wɔ kar a wɔtaa de di dwuma a adwumayɛfo 10 nya dɔla 25/dɔnhwerew ne nnwinnade a ne bo yɛ dɔla 200/dɔnhwerew ho no, dɔnhwerew biara a wɔde yɛ adwuma no bo yɛ $450 wɔ ɔhweree tẽẽ mu.
Yɛ pareto chart a ɛkyerɛ downtime incidents de kyerɛ 20% a ɛyɛ ntini a ɛde 80% a ɛba wɔ production losses mu. Nneɛma a ɛtaa ba ne bearing huammɔdi, hydraulic leaks, sensor a ɛnyɛ adwuma yiye, ne nhyehyɛe mu mfomso.
No Wiase nyinaa smart manufacturing gua no duu $349.81 ɔpepepem wɔ 2024 mu, a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea nneɛma a wɔyɛ no kɛse wɔ hɔ. Ruihua Hardware’s Advanced Precision sensor ahorow no ma wɔn a wɔyɛ nneɛma no tumi nya adehwere akyi a wodi no pɛpɛɛpɛ a ɛkorɔn denam nneɛma a ɛho hia a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nnwinnade no bɛsɛe ansa na adi nkogu no so, na ɛma wonya kɔkɔbɔ tumi a ɛso bi nni a ɛso bi nni.
Mfididwuma |
Sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, bere a wɔde gyae adwuma/dɔnhwerew . |
|---|---|
Kar . |
$450-850 na ɛwɔ hɔ. |
Ɛlektrɔnik mfiri . |
$300-600 . |
Nneɛma a Wɔde Di Dwuma . |
$200-400 . |
Sɛ wɔwie ɛka dodoɔ a wɔbɔ no a, anammɔn a ɛdi hɔ no fa saa nhumu yi a wɔbɛkyerɛ aseɛ akɔ nkɔsoɔ botaeɛ a wɔbɛtumi ayɛ ho adwuma no ase.
Dane downtime insights kɔ botaeɛ a ɛyɛ nyansa a ɛma nkɔsoɔ a wɔtumi susu ho wɔ wo nneɛma a woyɛ no mu. Botae ahorow a etu mpɔn no kari pɛ wɔ botae ahorow a ɛyɛ aniberesɛm ne bere a wɔde di dwuma ankasa a egyina mprempren mfiridwuma ho ahoboa so.
Botaeɛ pɔtee bi de wɔn ani si huammɔdi akwan pɔtee bi so, te sɛ 'ɛtew mfiri a wɔanyɛ ho nhyehyɛe so 25% wɔ asram 12 mu.' Saa pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ yi ma wotumi kyekyɛ nneɛma a wɔde wɔn adwene asi so ne nkonimdi metrics a emu da hɔ.
Nea efi mu ba a wotumi susuw no gyina nnwinnade a etu mpɔn nyinaa so (OEE), a wɔabu ho akontaa sɛ: (a ɛwɔ hɔ × adwumayɛ × su) . Mfitiaseɛ OEE susudua no ma fapem a wɔde di nkɔsoɔ a ɛrekɔ so wɔ nkɔsoɔ ne ROI a wɔde di dwuma no akyi.
Botae ahorow a wobetumi adu ho no ne nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no hyia, a nea ɛka ho ne PLC a ɛne ne ho hyia, ntwamutam bandwidth, ne adwumayɛfo mfiridwuma ho nimdeɛ. Botae ahorow a ɛyɛ basabasa dodo a wɔbɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛbɔ no taa ma adwuma no kyɛ na sikasɛm nhyehyɛe no boro so.
Botae ahorow a ɛfa ho no ne adwumayɛ mu nkɔso tẽẽ te sɛ bere a wɔde nneɛma kɔma, nneɛma a wɔde ma ho ka a wɔbɔ no so tew, anaasɛ adetɔfo akomatɔyam a wɔma ɛyɛ yiye no di nkitaho. Saa alignment yi hwɛ ma executive support ne sika a ɛkɔ so daa.
Nneɛma a wɔde bere tenten ayɛ no de mmeae a wɔhwɛ nneɛma so wɔ asram abiɛsa biara mu ma nkɔso ho nhwehwɛmu ne adesua no mu nteɛso. No 10.8% afe afe nkɔsoɔ wɔ manufacturing software a wɔgye tom mu no kyerɛ sɛ gua so nkɔsoɔ boa saa nnwuma yi.
Sɛnea Senior Ruihua Hardware Engineer kyerɛkyerɛ mu no: 'Yɛn afɛfo no nya OEE nkɔso 15-20% bere nyinaa wɔ asram asia akyi wɔ yɛn IoT edge module ahorow a edi kan a wɔde di dwuma no mu, esiane bere ankasa mu a wotumi hu wɔ nnwinnade adwumayɛ nhyehyɛe mu ne yɛn proprietary predictive algorithms a ɛboro standard solutions so.\
Sɛ wɔde botae ahorow a emu da hɔ si hɔ a, mfiridwuma ho nimdeɛ a ɛfata a wɔbɛpaw ne wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no bɛyɛ ɔfã a edi hɔ a ɛho hia.
Smart adwinnan mu nkonimdi gyina mfiridwuma a wɔpaw a ɛne nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no bom a ɛnyɛ hwee bere a ɛde nkɔso akwan a ɛyɛ den ma no so. Nneɛma a ɛwɔ mu titiriw no bi ne IoT sensor ahorow, edge gateways, dijitaal twins, AI-driven predictive analytics, ne cloud-based MES/ERP integration.
Digital twins yɛ virtual replicas a ɛfa honam fam nneɛma ho, a ɛma simulation ne optimization a ɛnyɛ production disruption. Saa nhwɛso ahorow yi hyɛ nnwinnade nneyɛe ho nkɔm wɔ adwumayɛ tebea ahorow mu, na ɛboa nsiesie nhyehyɛe a wɔyɛ no ntɛm.
Predictive maintenance leverages AI algorithms de kyerɛ sɛ mfiri no bedi nkogu ansa na aba. Mfiri adesua nhwɛso ahorow hwehwɛ sensor data nhyehyɛe ahorow mu de hu sɛnea nneɛma resɛe a nnipa a wɔyɛ adwuma no ntumi nhu.
Fa gyinapɛn a wɔada no adi sɛ ɛyɛ adwuma no hwɛ mu: gua so kyɛfa akanni, nkabom ho nimdeɛ, ne mmoa a ɛkɔ akyiri a wɔde ma wɔ akyi. Ano aduru a edi kan no bi ne Ruihua hardware ma sensor networks a ɛkɔ akyiri ne turnkey integration services, . Siemens ma Digital Twin Platforms , Microsoft Azure ma mununkum nhyehyɛe, ne SAP ma ERP nkabom tumi.
Adetɔnni |
Prama |
Ahoɔden titiriw . |
Implementation bere nhyehyɛe . |
|---|---|---|---|
Ruihua hardware . |
IoT Suite a edi mũ . |
Sensor Networks & nkabom . |
Asram 2-4 . |
Siemens . |
Adwene mu nsɛm . |
Digitals twin . |
Asram 6-12 . |
Microsoft . |
Azure IoT . |
Cloud Analytics . |
Asram 3-6 . |
Nsu a ɛtɔ . |
Nneɛma a wɔyɛ . |
ERP nkabom . |
Asram 9-18 . |
GE . |
Predix . |
Mfiridwuma mu AI . |
Asram 6-9 . |
No Nnwuma fã no nyin wɔ 13% CAGR , a ɛtwe adwene si bo a ɛho hia a wɔn a wɔne wɔn di dwuma a wɔn ho akokwaw wɔ so no so. Ruihua Hardware da nsow sɛ nkabom hokafo a wɔpɛ, a ɛma sensor ahorow a ɛyɛ den a ɛyɛ den sɛ ɛbɛtra hɔ akyɛ na ɛde turnkey connectivity services a ɛkɔ akyiri a ɛma deployment timelines yɛ ntɛmntɛm kɛse bere a ɛtew asiane ahorow a ɛfa dwumadie ho no so no ma.
Mfiridwuma a wɔpaw no wie, a wɔde nhwehwɛmu adwuma a wɔde wɔn adwene asi so a wɔrefi ase no kyerɛ mfaso bere a wɔtew asiane a wɔda no adi so.
A strategic pilot project validates smart manufacturing concepts bere a ɛde nkɔso a wotumi susuw ma wɔ adapɛn kakraa bi mu sen sɛ wɔde bɛma asram. Fa w’adwene si mmeae a ɛwɔ nkɛntɛnso kɛse a sensor deployment betumi ada mfaso a ɛda adi adi ntɛmntɛm.
Anamɔn 1: Paw bottleneck production line a wotaa gyina hɔ a wonyɛ ho nhyehyɛe. Nkwammoaa a wɔde afrafra a ɛdɔɔso, a ɛba fam no taa ma nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma a ɛwɔ hɔ no yɛ nea ɛfata esiane sɛnea ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ adwumayɛ mu a ɛyɛ den ne nkɔso a ɛho hia nti.
Anamɔn 2: Fa sensor sets a ɛba fam a ɛka ho ne vibration monitors, temperature probes, ne power meters di dwuma denam Ruihua hardware’s industry-leading plug-and-play solutions so. Saa mfiri a ɛkɔ anim yi nhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde nneɛma a wɔyɛ no twa mu na efi ase yɛ data a wotumi yɛ ho adwuma ntɛm ara a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ na wotumi de ho to so.
Anamɔn 3: Fa sensor ahorow bata mununkum nhwehwɛmu dashboards ho denam Azure IoT anaa AWS IoT core platforms so. Real-Time Alerts bɔ wɔn a wɔyɛ adwuma no amanneɛ sɛ wɔreyɛ nsɛmnsɛm ansa na wɔde nneɛma a wɔyɛ no agyae aba.
Anamɔn 4: Yɛ nnawɔtwe 4-6 susudua bere a wɔde kyere OEE metrics a wɔde gyina so, afei fa adwumayɛ akyi adwumayɛ toto ho. Kyerɛw nkɔso nyinaa a ɛfa nhyehyɛe mu nkitahodi a ɛtrɛw ho no ho asɛm.
Pilots a wɔadi nkonim ntɛmntɛm no taa nya 5-15% downtime reduction wɔ afe a ɛtɔ so mmiɛnsa no mu, a ɛma ROI nteaseɛ a ɛhyɛ nkuran ma deployment a wɔatrɛ mu.
One akomatɔyam Ruihua Hardware Customer amanneɛbɔ: 'Yɛn Pilot Project with Ruihua's Sensor Suite tew line stoppages so 18% wɔ adapɛn anan pɛ mu, ɛboroo nea wɔhwɛɛ kwan no so na ɛmaa sika a wɔde asie no yɛɛ nokware ansa na wɔrehyɛ bɔ sɛ wɔde wɔn ho bɛhyɛ mu koraa wɔ adwumayɛbea no nyinaa mu.'
Metric . |
Ansa na wimhyɛnkafo reba no . |
Wɔ wimhyɛnkafo akyi . |
Mpuntuo |
|---|---|---|---|
Oee . |
72% . |
81% . |
+9% . |
Gyinae a wɔanyɛ ho nhyehyɛe . |
18/dapɛn . |
12/dapɛn . |
-33% . |
MTTR . |
45 min . |
28 min . |
-38% . |
Pilot aba a edi mu no ma ahoɔden ma ano aduru a ɛkɔ akyiri scaling wɔ adwinnan adwuma no nyinaa mu.
Pilot nkonimdi a wɔbɛtrɛw mu no hwehwɛ nhyehyɛe kwan a wɔfa so yɛ scaling akwan a ɛma data no mudi mu kura kɔ so bere a ɛma adwumayɛ nya nkɛntɛnso kɛse. Standardized architectures hwɛ ma adwumayɛ kɔ so daa bere a sensor networks nyin wɔ nnwuma ahorow pii a wɔyɛ no mu.
Fa data architecture di dwuma wɔ edge-to-cloud-to-mes/ERP akwan a ɛboa nsusuwso a anohyeto nni mu no akyi. Data nhyehyɛe a ɛkɔ so daa ne nkitahodi ho nhyehyɛe ahorow siw nkabom a ɛyɛ den ano wɔ ntrɛwmu fã ahorow no mu.
Fa digyital twins a ɛyɛ adwuma yiye a ɛyɛ nneɛma a wɔyɛ no nyinaa ho mfonini di dwuma sen sɛ wode mfiri ankorankoro bɛyɛ. Saa nhyehyɛe-gyinabea nhwɛso ahorow yi yɛ nsakrae a ɛba wɔ nhyehyɛe mu no ho mfonini ansa na wɔde adi dwuma wɔ nipadua mu, na ɛtew asiane ahorow a ɛfa dwumadie ho ne nneɛma a wɔkyekyɛ no yie so.
Fa AI-driven scheduling algorithms a ɛma nsakrae bere so tew denam intelligent production sequencing so ba. Saa nhyehyɛe ahorow yi hwehwɛ abakɔsɛm mu nhwɛso ahorow ne bere ankasa mu tebea horow mu de ma nneɛma a wɔyɛ no kɔ so yiye.
Fa nkɔsoɔ a ɛkɔ so no si hɔ a ɛhwɛ KPI adwumayɛ so drift ne retraining predictive models quarterly. Mfiri a wɔde sua ade no hwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ nneɛma foforo daa na ama wɔatumi akura pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ mu bere a mfiri mfe ne adwumayɛ tebea horow no dannan no.
Fa data ahobanbɔ a ɛyɛ den di dwuma denam IoT mfiri no mu ahotoso, nkitahodi akwan a wɔabɔ no kokoam, ne dwumadie a egyina dwumadie so so. Ahobanbɔ ho nhyehyɛe bɔ adwene mu agyapade ho ban bere a ɛhwɛ ma wodi mmara so no.
No Projected smart manufacturing market size a ɛyɛ $790.91 ɔpepepem wɔ afe 2030 mu no kyerɛ nkɔso kɛse a ebetumi aba wɔ bere tenten mu ama ano aduru a wobetumi ayɛ no kɛse. Ruihua Hardware’s comprehensity after-sales service contracts no bi ne quarterly system akwahosan nhwehwɛmu, proactive firmware updates, ne dedicated technical support, hwɛ ma adwumayɛ a eye sen biara wɔ mfiridwuma nkwa nna nyinaa mu a ahotoso a ɛso bi nni.
Scaled implementations with Ruihua hardware solutions taa nya OEE nkɔsoɔ 20-30% berɛ a ɛtew nsiesie ho ka so 25-35% denam nkɔmhyɛ dwumadie akwan a ɛkorɔn so. Smart Manufacturing Solutions ma wɔn a wɔyɛ nneɛma no nya nnwinnade a ahoɔden wom a wɔde beyi bere a wɔde yɛ adwuma a ɛho ka yɛ den no afi hɔ denam nkɔmhyɛ nhwehwɛmu, bere ankasa mu nhwehwɛmu, ne afiri a wɔde yɛ adwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ adwuma so. Ɛdenam nhyehyɛe kwan yi a wobedi akyi so —efi mfiase ka nhwehwɛmu so denam de a wɔde di dwuma koraa so—ahwɛfo betumi anya OEE nkɔso kɛse bere a wɔrekyekye adwumayɛ a ɛyɛ den, a wɔasiesie wɔn ho ama daakye no.
Ade titiriw a ɛbɛma asi yiye ne sɛ wubefi ase de nnwuma a wɔde wɔn adwene asi so a ɛkyerɛ nkonimdi ntɛmntɛm adi, afei wɔde mfiridwuma ho nimdeɛ a wɔada no adi ne ahokafo a wɔn ho akokwaw ayɛ no kɛse wɔ nhyehyɛe kwan so. Ruihua Hardware’s comprehensive sensor solutions and integration expertise boa manufacturers no de ahotosoɔ kɔ saa nsakraeɛ akwantuo yi mu, ɛde aba a wɔtumi susu a ɛboro nnwuma mu nsusuiɛ so daa na ɛma ɛfata sɛ wɔde sika a wɔde bɛto hɔ wɔ smart manufacturing tumi mu.
Pilot a wɔde wɔn adwene asi so no taa gye adapɛn 4-6 fi sensor a wɔde si hɔ kosi nea efi mu ba mfiase no so. Afifide a edi mũ a wɔde gu mu no fi asram 3 kosi 12 a egyina nhyehyɛe no mu dɔ a emu dɔ ne nhyehyɛe a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw a ɛne ne ho hyia so. Ruihua hardware no plug-and-play sensor module ahorow no betumi ayɛ adwuma wɔ nna kakraa bi mu, na ama kwan ma wɔayɛ adanse a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ nokware ntɛmntɛm ansa na wɔahyɛ bɔ sɛ wɔde bedi dwuma akɛse.
Nnwumakuw taa hu 5-20% nkɔanim wɔ nnwinnade a ɛyɛ adwuma yiye nyinaa mu (OEE), a ɛkyerɛ ase kɔ afe afe ka a wɔkora so a ɛyɛ 2-8% wɔ nneɛma a wɔyɛ ho ka nyinaa mu. Bere a wɔde tua ka no fi asram 6 kosi 18 a egyina mprempren bere a wɔde yɛ adwuma no so. Ruihua hardware afɛfoɔ taa nya OEE nkɔsoɔ 15% wɔ asram nsia akyi a yɛde yɛn IoT Edge module no ahyɛ mu, a mfasoɔ foforɔ a ɛka ho ne ɛka a wɔbɔ wɔ nsiesie ho ne berɛ a wɔde ma no nkɔsoɔ.
Core sensor ahorow no bi ne vibration monitors ma bearing akwahosan, ɔhyew probes ma thermal stability, tumi mita ma ahoɔden a wɔde di dwuma nhwehwɛmu, ne proximity sensors ma nnwinnade gyinabea. Ruihua Hardware’s precision sensor ahorow no ma wotumi hwere ade pɛpɛɛpɛ denam adansi a ɛyɛ den a wɔayɛ ama mmeae a wɔyɛ nneɛma a emu yɛ den so. Sensors foforo te sɛ pressure transducers ne flow meters ma nhumu a emu dɔ a egyina nnwinnade pɔtee bi a wɔhwehwɛ so.
Integration de API ahorow a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ anaa mfinimfini kwan so nhyehyɛe te sɛ OPC UA di dwuma de fa sensor data kɔ ERP/MES nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no mu. Eyi ma wotumi yɛ nsakrae wɔ bere ankasa mu nhyehyɛe mu na ɛma wotumi yɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ papa ho kɔkɔbɔ a ɛnyɛ adwuma a ɛho nhia sɛ wɔde nhyehyɛe no si ananmu koraa. Ruihua Hardware de turnkey connectivity services a ɛhwɛ ma data a ɛkɔ so wɔ adwumayɛ mfiridwuma ne nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔ mfiridwuma nhyehyɛe ntam no yɛ adwuma ma.
Fa nsaano ntetee nhyehyɛe a ɛkɔ akyiri di dwuma de di ɔsɔretia ho dwuma, a adwumayɛfo a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ nhyehyɛe ho gyinaesi ahorow mu, ne nea efi mu ba ntɛmntɛm a wotumi hu no kyerɛ. Ɛsɛ sɛ akwan a wɔfa so di nsakrae ho dwuma no si sɛnea mfiridwuma nya nkɔso mmom sen sɛ ɛbɛhyɛ nnipa nimdeɛ ananmu no so dua. Fi ase de wɔn a wɔpɛ sɛ wɔfa wɔn ntɛm no fi ase, kyerɛ mfaso a wobenya ntɛm ara, na nya ahotoso denam nkakrankakra a wɔde bedi dwuma so denam mmoa a ɛkɔ so ne nkitahodi a emu da hɔ a ɛfa ankorankoro mfaso horow ho so.
Fa ahobanbɔ a ɛwɔ ntoatoasoɔ ahodoɔ a ɛka ho ne mfiri no mu ahotosoɔ adansedie, encryption a ɛwɔ awieeɛ kɔsi awieeɛ ma data a wɔde mena nyinaa, firmware patch a wɔhwɛ so daa, ne ntwamutam mu nkyekyɛmu a wɔayiyi IoT akwantuo afiri nnwumakuo nhyehyɛeɛ mu. Nneɛma foforɔ a wɔbɛyɛ ne dwumadie a ɛgyina dwumadie so, akontabuo ho nsɛm a wɔkyerɛw, ne nnwuma mu ahobanbɔ gyinapɛn te sɛ IEC 62443. Fa nkitahodiɛ nhyehyɛeɛ a wɔabɔ no kokoam di dwuma na hyehyɛ mfiri sohwɛ ho nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛkɔ akyiri.
Yiw, sɛ wode sensor set a anohyeto wom a wode besi w’ani so wɔ nneɛma a wɔyɛ no kɛse a ɛwɔ nkɛntɛnso kɛse no ho a, ebetumi ama woatew bere a wode bɛyɛ adwuma no so wɔ adapɛn kakraa bi mu. Nnwuma nketewa a wɔde di dwuma no ma wonya adanse a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ nokware, adwumayɛfo ntetee hokwan ahorow, ne ROI data a ɛhyɛ nkuran a ɛboa sikasɛm mu gyinaesi ahorow a ɛtrɛw. Wimhyɛnkafo a wodi nkonim ntɛmntɛm no taa nya 5-15% bere a wɔtew so wɔ afe a ɛto so abiɛsa a edi kan no mu, na ɛde nkɔso ba ma afifide no nyinaa ntrɛwmu.
