ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯨꯏꯍꯨꯌꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯋꯦꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯎ-ꯇꯨ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯟ: ꯉꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ!

ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ, ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯉꯥꯏ ꯐꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯈꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ, ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯌꯨꯔꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯅꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯗꯄꯇꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯏꯛꯕꯤꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯐꯟꯗꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯉꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯎꯅꯇꯥꯏꯝ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯗꯄꯇꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫

ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯗꯄꯇꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ꯫

ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯏꯄꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯔꯤꯗꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯁꯟ-ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯛꯌꯨꯔ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯑꯦꯗꯄꯇꯥꯔ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ, ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯦꯗꯄꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯒꯦꯁꯤ ꯏꯛꯕꯤꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯗꯄꯇꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ [ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ, ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ] ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯤ(https://www.jianzhi pipefitting.com/2025/01/22/what-are-the-differences-between-pipe-adaptors-and-reducers/) ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ, ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯡ ꯂꯣꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫

ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯔꯃꯤꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ꯫

ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ:

• ꯑꯦꯂꯕꯣ – 45°, 90°, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣ ꯗꯤꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯍꯣꯡꯏ꯫

• ꯇꯤ – ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯝꯕꯤꯅꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯆ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫

• ꯔꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯔ – ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣ ꯊꯝꯂꯒꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯃꯤꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

• ꯀꯞꯂꯤꯡ – ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯖꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

• ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟ – ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯔꯃꯤꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ/ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯕꯔꯁꯦꯁ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ), ꯁꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯀꯟꯐꯤꯒꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯄꯤꯆ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯤꯜ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯗꯄꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯔꯃꯤꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯈꯉꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡ꯫

ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯖꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ:

ꯊꯥꯛ	ꯃꯐꯝ	ꯆꯦ ꯊꯥꯕ	ꯁꯤꯜ ꯃꯈꯜ꯫
ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ	ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞ/ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ꯫	ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ꯫	ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯦꯠꯀꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ	ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞ/ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ꯫	ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫	ꯁꯦꯜꯐ-ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ꯫
ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ	ꯅꯣꯔꯊ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ	ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ꯫	ꯁꯦꯜꯐ-ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ꯫
ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯝ	ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯒꯤ	ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯣꯇꯤꯕ/ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ꯫	ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ꯫
ꯖꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯁꯤ	ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯒꯤ	ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ꯫	꯳꯷° ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯁꯤꯠ ꯂꯩ꯫
ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ	ꯅꯣꯔꯊ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ	ꯃꯣꯕꯥꯏꯜ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ꯫	ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯐꯦꯁ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯀꯅꯚꯦꯟꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯕꯣꯔ (ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯃꯤꯇꯔ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯃꯤꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯀꯟꯕꯔꯁꯟ ꯇꯦꯕꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ-ꯀꯝꯄꯤꯇꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.↔ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.

ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯅꯕꯥ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯈꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ꯫

ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯐꯦꯃꯤꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ:

ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯅꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ 10,000 psi ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯂꯦꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ (꯳꯰꯴/꯳꯱꯶)ꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ, ꯐꯥꯔꯃꯥꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯳꯱꯶ꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯥꯏꯗ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯁꯅꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯏ.꯱꯰꯰꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯆꯤꯅꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯩ꯫

ꯕ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯖꯅꯥ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯝꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯡꯊ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯃꯔ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ (ꯄꯤ.ꯚꯤ.ꯁꯤ., ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.)ꯅꯥ ꯳꯰꯰ ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯚ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯠꯋꯦꯠ, ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ-ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯆꯣꯏꯁꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯀꯃꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ:

• ꯱꯵꯰ ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯏ.- ꯂꯣ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯋꯥꯇꯔ, ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯚꯤ.ꯑꯦ.ꯁꯤ

• ꯳꯰꯰ ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯏ.- ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯌꯔ꯫

• ꯱,꯰꯰꯰ ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯏ.- ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯇꯔꯟ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯝ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫

• ꯱꯰,꯰꯰꯰ ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯏ.- ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ, ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯏꯛꯕꯤꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯔꯦꯟꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ -40°Cꯗꯒꯤ 250°C ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯔꯨꯏꯍꯨꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯖꯤꯜ ꯊꯥꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯏ . ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ -꯴꯰°Cꯗꯒꯤ ꯲꯵꯰°C ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ

ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ꯫

ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯀꯃꯞꯔꯦꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ (꯱,꯰꯰꯰-꯱꯰,꯰꯰꯰ ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯏ.)ꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯇꯜ-ꯇꯨ-ꯃꯦꯇꯜ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯗꯨꯔꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯏꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯂꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯦꯠꯄꯥ ꯀꯟꯁꯠꯔꯛꯁꯟ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫

ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ (80-300 psi)ꯗꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ, ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯖꯤꯟ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯦꯔꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯀꯨꯏꯛ-ꯗꯤꯁꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇ ꯐꯤꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯤꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯁꯤꯜ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯈꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯥꯔ.(ꯄꯦꯠꯔꯣꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ), ꯏ.ꯄꯤ.ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.(ꯋꯦꯗꯔ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.(ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ) ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫

ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯀꯣꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ꯫

ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯃꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧ꯫ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯒꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯠꯔꯣꯐꯤꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯥꯟꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯈꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫

ꯑꯦꯗꯄꯇꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯃꯦꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯡ ꯂꯣꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ-ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯕꯔꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.-ꯇꯨ-ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ., ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ-ꯇꯨ-ꯖꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯁꯤ., ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.-ꯇꯨ-ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯁ.

ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯃꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯏꯛꯕꯤꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯔꯦꯐꯥꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯀꯟꯕꯔꯁꯟ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ꯫

ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣ., ꯑꯦ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ., ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯟ.)

ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ:

• ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣ.꯹꯰꯰꯱ – ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ꯫

• ꯑꯦ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.꯶ꯑꯦ – ꯋꯦꯂꯍꯦꯗ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯏꯛꯕꯤꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ꯫

• DIN 2605 – ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ꯫

• ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯏ.ꯕꯤ.꯱꯶.꯵ – ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯡꯒ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯔꯨꯏꯍꯨꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣ.꯹꯰꯰꯱ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫

ꯏꯚꯥꯜꯌꯨꯑꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯕꯤꯎꯇꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯏꯚꯥꯜꯌꯨꯑꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯆꯦꯀꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ:

• ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ – ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ±0.1 mmꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯣꯂꯔꯦꯟꯁ꯫

• ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁ – ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ Ra ≤ 0.8 μm꯫

• ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯅꯦꯁ – ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯔꯀꯋꯦꯜ ꯁꯤ ≥ 30꯫

• ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯇꯥꯏꯠ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ – 1.5× ꯔꯦꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄꯥꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

• ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ – ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯕꯦꯆ/ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯅꯝꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯕꯤꯎꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯑꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯇꯥꯏꯠ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯀꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ:

ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯱.꯵× ꯔꯦꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯅꯟ-ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯕꯔꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯗ ꯑꯦꯌꯔ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯏꯂꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯃꯥꯔꯖꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯤ꯫

ꯍꯤꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯚꯦꯛꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯇꯉꯥꯏ ꯐꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣ-ꯂꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ≤ 10−9 mbar·L/s ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯔꯨꯏꯍꯨꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯱꯰꯰% ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ , ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯗꯦꯂꯤꯕꯔꯤ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯥ

ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯊꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯝ꯫

ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯦꯠ ꯁꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯚꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯊꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯨꯏꯍꯨꯌꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯋꯦꯌꯔ , ꯇꯣꯄꯥ , ꯖꯤꯌꯥꯌꯨꯌꯥꯟ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛꯁ , ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯤꯡꯕꯣ ꯂꯥꯏꯀꯦ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯣꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯁꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯜ & ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫

ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯗꯄꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯹꯰% ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯤꯇꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯦꯠ ꯁꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫

ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯚꯦꯔꯁꯦꯁ ꯋꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯟ ꯀꯝꯄꯤꯇꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯤꯇꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ: ꯱.

• ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ & ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ – ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯲꯰-꯴꯰% ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

• ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ – ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯇꯥꯏꯄꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯨꯂꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯦꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯣ.ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯝ./ꯑꯣ.ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ

• ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ – ꯋꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯟ ꯐꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯏꯇꯣꯝ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ (ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯜ., ꯁꯤ.ꯏ.) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯌ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫

• ꯂꯤꯗ ꯇꯥꯏꯝ – ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯀꯦꯇꯥꯂꯣꯒ ꯑꯥꯏꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯲-꯴ꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯗ ꯇꯥꯏꯝ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯤꯇꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯂꯦꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯞ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯃꯜ, ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯔꯨꯏꯍꯨꯌꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯋꯦꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯤꯇꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯖ꯫

ꯔꯨꯏꯍꯨꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯟꯁꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ:

• ꯲꯰꯱꯵ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ >꯹꯰ꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅꯥ ​​ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ , ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯃꯥꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫

• ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣ.ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯝ./ꯑꯣ.ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯖꯤꯜ ꯊꯥꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯄꯤꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯇꯥꯏꯄꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯝ ꯇꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ

• ꯱꯰꯰% ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯀꯣꯜ꯫ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯉ꯭ꯀꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯂꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ

• ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯟꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯐꯇꯔ-ꯁꯦꯂꯁ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯔꯠ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ 'ꯕꯤꯖꯤꯅꯦꯁ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ' ꯐꯤꯂꯣꯁꯣꯐꯤ꯫

ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯔꯨꯏꯍꯨꯌꯥꯕꯨ ꯗꯤꯃꯥꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯅꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯌꯨꯔꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯤꯄꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛ ꯁꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ:

• ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ – ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ꯫

• ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ – ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯛꯁꯤꯃꯝ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ꯫

• ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ – ꯕꯦꯖ ꯃꯦꯇꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ꯫

• ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯃꯈꯜ – ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ, ꯄꯤꯆ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯗꯦꯖꯤꯒꯅꯦꯁꯟ꯫

• ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ – ꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫

• ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯊꯗ – ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯦꯠ, ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯇꯜ-ꯇꯨ-ꯃꯦꯇꯜ ꯁꯤꯜ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯔꯤꯚꯤꯌꯨ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ꯫

ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ, ꯑꯣ.ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣ.ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ

ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯝ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ:

1. ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦ.ꯗꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯇꯣꯂꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ

2. ꯀꯣꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯇꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯝ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯟꯇꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯥ

3. ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯇꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯨꯚ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯚꯦꯂꯤꯗꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ

4. ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯧꯕꯥ꯫ ꯌꯥꯅꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯆꯦꯀꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ

ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯝ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯵꯰꯰-꯱,꯰꯰꯰ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯨꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯆꯦꯟ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯑꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ, ꯂꯤꯗ ꯇꯥꯏꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯟꯇꯔꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯚꯥꯂꯨꯑꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ:

• ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ – ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ >꯹꯵%꯫

• ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯛ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ – ꯗꯤꯃꯥꯟꯗ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯛꯇꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯕꯐꯔ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯟꯇꯔꯤ꯫

• ꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛꯁ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯅꯔꯁꯤꯄꯁꯤꯡ – ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯁ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯌꯔꯦꯟꯁ꯫

ꯔꯨꯏꯍꯨꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯂꯤꯗ ꯇꯥꯏꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯇꯥꯂꯣꯒ ꯑꯥꯏꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯲-꯴ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯝ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯴-꯶ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ, ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ꯫

ꯔꯨꯏꯍꯨꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯖꯤꯜ ꯊꯥꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ-ꯗꯦꯂꯤꯕꯔꯤ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:

• ꯊꯥ ꯱꯲ꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯟꯇꯤ꯫ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯏ-ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯏ-ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ

• ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ – ꯗꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯔ, ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯍꯣꯇꯂꯥꯏꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯅꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯤꯀꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ꯫

• ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ – ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯆ ꯀꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯀꯣꯜ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯅꯔꯁꯤꯞ ꯃꯥꯌ ꯄꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯨ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯥꯌꯄꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ, ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯟꯅꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯆ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣ.꯹꯰꯰꯱ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯀꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯃꯂꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯚꯥꯂꯨꯑꯦꯠ ꯇꯧ꯫ ꯔꯨꯏꯍꯨꯌꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯋꯦꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ, ꯄꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯅꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ꯫

BSP, NPT ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯂꯦꯜ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯁꯦꯜꯐ-ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯒꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯅꯕꯔꯁꯟ ꯆꯥꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯄꯇꯥꯔ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯕꯔꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ 1/4' BSP ≈ 1/4' NPT ꯌꯥꯎꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧ꯫ ꯔꯨꯏꯍꯨꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ-ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯇꯥꯏꯠ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ., ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ., ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ., ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ, ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯁ., ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ., ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯦ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯁꯤ.

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔ ꯑꯦꯗꯄꯇꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ-ꯑꯣꯐꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯏꯀꯣꯅꯣꯃꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯨꯂꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯑꯦꯗꯄꯇꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯵꯰-꯸꯰% ꯍꯟꯊꯩ꯫ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔ ꯑꯦꯗꯄꯇꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯨꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ($꯵꯰꯰-꯵,꯰꯰꯰) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯝ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯟꯇꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯔꯨꯏꯍꯨꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯵꯰꯰ ꯄꯤꯁ) ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯗ ꯇꯥꯏꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯡ-ꯇꯔꯝ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯔꯨꯏꯍꯨꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯟ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣ.ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯝ./ꯑꯣ.ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯒꯤ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯲-꯴ꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯗꯦꯂꯤꯕꯔꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯝ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯴-꯶ꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯔꯨꯏꯍꯨꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯇꯥꯏꯠ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯔꯨꯏꯍꯨꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯱.꯵× ꯔꯦꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯗꯥ ꯱꯰꯰% ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ±꯰.꯱ꯃꯤ.ꯃꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯂꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ (ꯔꯥ ≤ ꯰.꯸ μm)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯅꯦꯁ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ (ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯔꯣꯀꯋꯦꯜ ꯁꯤ ≥ ꯳꯰) ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯕꯦꯆ ꯀꯣꯗꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ 10−9 mbar·L/sꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣ-ꯂꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣ.꯹꯰꯰꯱ꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱꯰,꯰꯰꯰ ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯏ.

ꯔꯨꯏꯍꯨꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯐꯇꯔ-ꯁꯦꯜ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯔꯨꯏꯍꯨꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯂꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯨꯑꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯍꯣꯠꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯨ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯅꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯤꯀꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯹꯰ ꯍꯦꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛꯁ ꯅꯦꯇꯋꯥꯔꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯃꯊꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯅꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯥ ꯱꯲ꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯖꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ 'ꯕꯤꯖꯤꯅꯦꯁ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ' ꯐꯤꯂꯣꯁꯣꯐꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯕꯦꯆ ꯀꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯟꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯔꯨꯏꯍꯨꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯨꯗ-ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐꯥꯔꯃꯥꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯔꯨꯏꯍꯨꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯨꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯔꯃꯥꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦ.ꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯳꯰꯴/꯳꯱꯶ꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯂꯦꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯔꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯅꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁ (ꯔꯥ ≤ ꯰.꯴ μm), ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯚꯤꯁ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏ.ꯄꯤ.ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ. ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯥꯏꯑꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯄꯣꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥ-ꯍꯥꯏ ꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫

ꯕꯜꯀ ꯄꯔꯆꯦꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ-ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣ.꯹꯰꯰꯱ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯟꯗꯛꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯕꯦꯆ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯗꯦꯇꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ ꯐꯦꯁꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯇꯨꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯊꯥꯔꯗ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯠ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔ ꯔꯤꯐꯔꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯌꯨ꯫ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯏꯛꯕꯤꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫ ꯔꯨꯏꯍꯨꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯆ-ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯖꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯀꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯱꯰꯰% ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯄꯔꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯨꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫