Kudziwa ulusi waluso: Mitundu ndi magawo

Ponena za zinthu zovuta zapakati pa ndulu ndi zowonjezera, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu ipezeka imakhala yopambana. Zili ngati kuyimirira mumphesa wa mizere, iliyonse ndi phula lake lapadera ndi kuya, ndikudabwa kuti njira imatsogolera kukwanira. Munkhaniyi, ndine wokondwa kuvumbula chinsinsi cha zingwe izi. Tiyamba ndi mawu oyamba kwa zingwe zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma poork omwe amapanga mtedza, ma balts, ndi magetsi amagwira ntchito m'makina osawerengeka ndi zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Mu ulendowu, tionetsa mitundu ikuluikulu ya ulusi, monga bsp, un / wopanda zingwe, komanso tengani zingwe za ma metric, kuphatikiza zingwe za NPTF. Kuzindikira izi kudzakuthandizani kupanga zosankha zabwino kwambiri komanso zoyenera, kuonetsetsa kudalirika komanso kupewa kuperewera pantchito zanu. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiyambe kusangalatsa ulusiwu ndikupeza zofunikira pa zosowa zanu!

Zingwe Zomvetsetsa: Zoyambira ndi Zofunika

Tikamalankhula za ulusi, tikunena za kapangidwe kochititsa chidwi kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posintha pakati potembenuka komanso kukhazikika. Zingwe zili paliponse! Onani zomangira zomwe zimagwira desiki yanu palimodzi, chivundikiro pa botolo lanu la madzi, kapena babu wowala mu nyali yanu. Onse amadalira ulusi kuti azikhala m'malo ndi ntchito moyenera.

Tanthauzo la ulusi

Ulusi ndi wosuntha wopitilira kuzungulira kuzungulira kwa cylindrical kapena okhazikika. Kapangidwe kameneka kumathandiza kuti magawo azilumikizidwa motetezeka. Ingoganizirani masitepe opindika mozungulira mzati-ndi zomwe ulusi umawoneka ngati pa screw kapena bolt.

Udindo wa ulusi m'mapulogalamu onse

Zingwe ndizofunikira chifukwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zosawerengeka zomwe zimakhudza miyoyo yathu ya tsiku ndi tsiku. Iwo ndi ngwazi mu mithunzi, ndikuonetsetsa kuti zinthu sizimasiyana. Nayi chifukwa chake ndizofunika kwambiri:

Ndikugwira zinthu limodzi : Kuchokera pamipando, ulusi umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ulusi wowongoka  ngati zomangira ndi mabatani kuti asungene mosamala wina ndi mnzake.

: Kuwongolera kwamadzimadzi m'makampani opanga madzi am'madzi , ulusiwo umawonetsetsa kuti chitoliro  ndi chubu  sichimatuta, chomwe ndichofunikira kwa machitidwe omwe amayendetsa madzi, mafuta, kapena gasi.

Kulondola pazida : Zipangizo zapamwamba, monga zida zamankhwala, kukula kwa ulusi wambiri ndikofunikira  kuti zitsimikizire kuti ntchito yoyenera ndi chitetezo.

Mitundu wamba

Pali mitundu yambiri  ya ulusi, aliyense ali ndi mapulogalamu ndi mawonekedwe awo. Nazi zochepa:

Linthu Lachikulika la America : Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku North America chifukwa cholumikizira chitoliro  .

l SaE ulusi wolumikizidwa : muyezo wa screw scread  yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri yogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafakitale agalimoto.

l Metric IOO Goneke : Mafuta a zitsulo  omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi.

Kuzindikiritsa ulusi

Kusankha ulusiwo , muyenera kudziwa miyezo yowerengeka:

: LING Lalikulu m'mimba mwake kwambiri yaimuna  wamphongo ulusi .

LOM MISONKHANO YOSAVUTA : Maondo ang'onoang'ono kwambiri, opezeka pansi pa ulusi wa ulusi.

LELCH Diarter : Ili ndi mainchesi a sperinder yolingalira  yomwe imadutsa ulusi wa  ndi ulusi wamphongo wamphongo  ulusi wa  ulusi wachikazi.

Kuzindikiritsa ulusi  kumatha kukhala chinyengo, koma zida ngati geitge  ingathandize. Chida ichi chimayesa ulusi wa ulusi , mtunda  kuchokera kumodzi ndi womwe .

Chifukwa chiyani ulusi wa ulusi

Magawo a geometric a ulusi amatanthauzira mphamvu ndi ntchito yake. Zingwe zimayenda  ngati ngodya ya mano  ndi ulusi phulusa  limazindikira momwe ulusiwo agwirira bwino komanso kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yomwe ingayambitse. Mwachitsanzo, zotupa zopindika ziwirizi  zimathamangira kawiri kawiri ngati chopindika chimodzi chopindika pamtengo uliwonse, ndikupereka mwayi.

Mitundu ya ulusi mwatsatanetsatane

Tsingidwile ulusi wofanana  ndi ulusi wachulukidwe  ndi magulu awiri akulu. Zingwe zofananira  zili ndi mulifupi mwake, pomwe ulusi wopapatiza  pansi, womwe umathandiza pakupanga zisindikizo zazikulu.

Zingwe za L kapena kumanja  ndizofala kwambiri, pomwe zimapangitsa ulusiwo. Zingwe za kumanzere  ndizofala komanso zolimba.

Kuzindikira ulusi womvetsetsa  ndi magawo awo a geometric  ndikofunikira chifukwa ndi malo omangawo potizungulira. Kuyambira kugwirizira zidutswa za chidole cha mwana kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha ndege, ulusiwo umakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri padziko lapansi. Pamene timasanthula za kapangidwe ka zopindika , kumbukirani kuti izi zazing'onozi ndi wamphamvu pakufunika kwawo.

 

Gulu la ulusi

Kukweza vs. Kutumiza vs.

Mukamakambirana zamtunduwu , ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zoyambira zawo.

Zingwe zophatikizira  nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitetezeke limodzi. Ganizirani zomata pakompyuta ya pakompyuta; adapangidwa kuti azigwira zigawo.

Kutumiza ulusi wowonjezera , kumbali ina, ndizofunikira kwambiri zomwe zimatumiza mphamvu. Zingwe izi zimapezeka mu zomangira zotsogola, komwe geometry yawo imalola kutembenuka kwa kayendedwe kazinthu kuti musunthire.

Zojambula zoyendera  ndizosiyana pang'ono. Amakhala ndi gawo labwino kwambiri m'makampani ogulitsa madzi . Zingwe izi zidapangidwa kuti zizipanga chidindo mu chitoliro  ndi zoyenerera za chubu , ndikuwonetsetsa kuti madzi oyenda bwino ndi mpweya wabwino. Mtundu uliwonse wolusa umapangidwa chifukwa cha cholinga chake, ndipo chizindikiritso cha ulusi  ndichofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito kuyerekezera komanso ntchito.

Dzanja lamanja (rh) ndi dzanja lamanzere (LH): kusiyana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito

Zingwe zitha kulembedwa kuti ndi manja oyenera (rh)  kapena ulusi wa kumanzere kapena dzanja lamanzere (LH) . Kusiyanitsa ndikosavuta koma kosafunikira. RH imangirira  mangidwe oyenda, yomwe ndi njira yoyenera ya ulusi wambiri . Pafupifupi chovala chilichonse chofala kapena vuto lomwe mwakumana nazo lingakhale ndi ulusi wa RH. Zingwe za LH , kumbali inayo, zimayandikana kwambiri ndipo sizofala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakhalidwe pomwe mphamvu zosinthika zimatha kuyambitsa ulusi woti asunge, monga mbali yakumanzere ya yolowera njinga.

Manja a dzanja lamanja :

¡ Mangirira

¡ ambiri Mapulogalamu  ​

Nyama ya kumanzere :

¡​

Ntchito zapadera popewa kumasula

Zithunzi Zojambula: Makhalidwe ndi Ntchito

Zingwe zopindika  zimabwera m'masamba awiri akuluakulu: ulusi ulusi  ndi wofanana . ulusi wa National , monga chitoliro cha dziko lonse (NPT) , adapangidwa kuti apange chidindo ndi zingwe. Monga ulusi wamphongo ndi wamkazi amalimbikitsidwa, amapanga chidindo chifukwa chosokoneza. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino pantchito yokhudza mipweya kapena zakumwa zomwe zimapanikizika.

Zingwe zofananazo , monga chitoliro cha Britain chofananal (BSPP) , amafuna kuti chisindikizo chikhalepo, ngati masokosi kapena mphete ya osher kapena mphete, kuti muwonetsetse kuti kulumikizidwa. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochepetsetsa komanso komwe kulumikizana kungafunike kusonkhana komanso kusokonezedwa pafupipafupi.

ulusi wa tapender :

¡ Mapaipi a Triper Taper (NPT)

Kusindikizidwa kumodzi chifukwa cha zopindika

Ogwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi yayitali

zofananira Zingwe :

¡ Fairrish Standard Fairllel (BSPP)

Pamafunika othandizira ena osindikizira

Yoyenera msonkhano / swassesly

komanso Kukula kwa zinthu zofalikira  ndikofunikira kusankha mtundu wa ulusi  moyenera kuonetsetsa kuti kukhulupirika kwa kulumikizana. ndi chitoliro , America Kaya cha ku ntchito  akugwira Zida Monga tambala Pitch  ndi Caliper  imatha kuthandiza mu njirayi, kutsatira mfundo zamakampani  opanga a nomwel  wa mawonekedwe  .

 

Mitundu ya ISO

ISO Metric ulusi (m): mawonekedwe ndi mapulogalamu

ISO Metric Chovala, chomwe chimadziwika kuti m , ndi mtundu wa ulusi . Kugwiritsa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi, ndi ulusi woyenerera  kwa zinthu zonse. Mulingo wam'mawa  ndi mulifupi waukulu  ndi malo ofunikira a ndi . ulusi wa  wotchuka chifukwa cha kuphweka kwawo ulusiwu .

Mapulogalamuwa akuphatikizira: - Makina - makina oyendetsa magalimoto - zinthu zodyera

Zingwe za metric zimapereka mphamvu zambiri komanso zamphamvu, zimapangitsa iwo kukhala amtundu wofunikira  pakupanga.

Ulusi wabwino wabwino (mf): kumvetsetsa kusiyana

ISO Metric Chabwino , kapena MF , zimasiyana ndi ulusi wa m . Phatilo ndi lolondola  , lomwe limatanthawuza ulusi  limayandikira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ulusi wamtunduwu ukhale  kutalika kwa gawo limodzi. Ulusi wabwino  umapereka mwayi wowongolera bwino ndipo ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito komwe kuli koyenera.

kwakukulu ndi  Kusiyana kophatikiza  :

Zingwe zabwino zama metric  nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani ogulitsa madzi  ndi mapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kusintha kwabwino.

Ulusi wachitsulo wogwedeza (PG): Mbiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito

Chingwe chotsitsa , chotchedwa PG , chili ndi tanthauzo la mbiri yakale. Zinachokera ku Germany ndipo idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Europe ya magetsi oyenera. Masiku ano, ulusi wa PG  uli ndi ntchito zapadera  m'makampani amagetsi, kuonetsetsa kulumikizana kosungika komanso kodalirika.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwapano kumaphatikizapo: - Mafuta amagetsi - kosangalatsa - Chida

Ngakhale kuti kukwera mitundu yosiyanasiyana  ya ulusi , wa PG  umakhalabe woyenera chifukwa cha miyezo ya mafakitale ndi makina ovomerezeka.

Ulusi wa trapezoidal (tr): kapangidwe ndi ntchito

Chingwe cha trapezoidal , chosankhidwa monga ma tr , chimadziwika ndi mano ake a trapezoidal. Mapangidwe awa amapereka phindu lamakina , kupangitsa kukhala koyenera kwa katundu wolemera ndi zomangira m'makina.

Ntchito zimaphatikizanso:

Chingwe cha trapezoidal  ndi mtundu wamba  pakupanga makina oyendetsa. Ma geometry ake amalola kugawidwa kwa malo owiritsa malo okulirapo, kukulitsa kukwiya kwa ulusi ndi moyo.

Mu gawo ili, takhala tikukhudza mitundu ya ISO ulusi  ngati metric iso , ulusi wabwino kwambiri , ndi ena. Ndikofunikira kuti mupange ulusiwo  moyenera kuti agwiritse ntchito, ngati ulusi . Zida ngati geitge  ndi caliper  ndiyofunikira kwambiri kuti zizindikiritse ulusi , ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kulumikizana ndi magwiridwe antchito.

Mitundu yaku America

Makina ogwirizanitsa National Cchimer (Alibe): Mwachidule

Tikamalankhula za mitundu ya ulusi waku America , ulusi wapadziko lonse lapansi , kapena kusowa kwazinthu , ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri . Ndi muyezo womwe umatanthauzira mawonekedwe achinyengo a ulusi wowongoka . Magetsi kuti  amadziwika kuti phula lake lili ndi mitundu ina, ndikupangitsa  ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Kukula kwamisamba komwe ukunena  apa, ndipo mawonekedwe a samapangitsa kuti azingodutsa ulusi komanso wosavuta kugwira.

Ulusi wolumikizidwa wabwino (osakhala): mwachindunji ndi kugwiritsa ntchito

Kumbali inayo, ulusi wolumikizidwa wadziko  kapena wopanda mulifupi ndi  pang'ono mainchesi . Izi zikutanthauza kuti ulusiwo  wayandikira. Sikuti nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa  ntchito ngati mphamvu zapamwamba komanso zolondola. Ndizofala m'makampani ogulitsa madzi chifukwa  wotsiriza ulusi  umapereka zotetezeka komanso zolimba. Ndikofunikira kusankha ulusiwo  mukamagwira ntchito mopanda chidwi  ndi magwiridwe antchito.

Ulusi wapadera wapadera (osavomerezeka): Makhalidwe apadera

Ulusi wolumikizidwa wapadera ZONSE  kapena SIONE NTHAWI  wina wa mtundu  ZOSAVUTA ZOSAVUTA ZONSE ZOSAVUTA. Udindo  suli wofanana ndi ungwiro  kapena wosasunthika , kulola kusiyanasiyana kwa ulusi  ndi mainchesi. Kusintha kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti  pakhale ntchito zapadera zomwe zimapangitsa ulusi wofanana ndi ulusi  sukwanako. Kuzindikiritsa ulusi  kwa sali  kumafunikira kupendekera kotsimikizika, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito gauge  kapena caliper.

National Tripe Plipes (NPTF)

(Kukula kwa Nazoni)	Kukula kwa	DTUS	wamphongo	womata	ulusi
-02 (1/8)	27	10.3	0.41	9.4	0.37
-04 (1/4)	18	13.7	0.54	12.4	0.49
-06 (3/8)	18	17.3	0.68	15.7	0.62
-08 (1/2)	14	21.3	0.84	19.3	0.76
-10 (5/8)	14	22.9	0.90	21.1	0.83
-12 (3/4)	14	26.9	1.06	24.9	0.98
-16 (1)	11½	33.3	1.31	31.5	1.24
-20 (1 ¼)	11½	42.2	1.66	40.1	1.58
-24 (1 ½)	11½	48.3	1.90	46.2	1.82
-32 (2)	11½	60.4	2.38	57.9	2.29

** Od = kunja kwa ID = mkati mwa mulifupi

Kusamukira ku Americaku chitoliro cha America , ulusi wa National Tripes  ndiofunikira. Pali mitundu iwiri NPTF  yayikulu : . Onse awiri ali mitundu yopindika  yomwe imatanthawuza kuti amapanga chisindikizo pamene akulimbikitsidwa. NPT , kapena chitoliro cha dziko , chimakhala chofala ndipo chimafunikira chisindikizo chowonjezera. NPTF , kapena dziko la National Taper Stopseal , limapangidwa kuti lipange chidindo cholimba popanda zida zosindikiza. NPTT  ndi NPTF  ndizofunikira mu makampani ogulitsa madzi am'madzi  a payini a huse , zoyenerera , ndi makonda  . Cholinga cha ulusi wa ulusi  ndi chida chofunikira pakuzindikiritsa ulusi  mu NPT  ndi NPTF  .

Kumvetsetsa mitundu iyi yaku America  ndikofunikira kwa akatswiri akatswiri ambiri. Sae ulusi wolumikizidwa , kuphatikizapo , , osagwirizana ndipo osawerengeka , pamodzi ndi ,  NPTF kusewera maudindo a pivotal popanga ulusi wowiritsa  komanso kulumikizana . koyenera Kuzindikira  kumatsimikizira kuti zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi kugwira ntchito motetezeka.

Zingwe za Britain Whitworth

Britain Standard Whitworth coarse (BSW / WW)

Britain Standard Whitworth Nearse (BSW) , omwe ambiri amadziwika kuti ww  a whitworth, ndi mbiri yovuta ndi mbiri yabwino. Unali dongosolo loyambirira la padziko lonse lapansi ,  lopangidwa ndi Joseph Whitworth  mu 1841. Mapangidwewo anali osintha, kukhazikitsa ulungo wamalonda ku  Britain wowongoka komanso kupitirira. Kuwala kwa Whitworth kunakhala  imodzi yofunika kwambiri njira , yodziwika ndi ulusi wake wa 55-degree  ndi crests yozungulira ndi mizu. Dongosolo lakale limeneli linaimitsa maziko a mitundu yambiri yodziwika bwino  yomwe tikuwona lero.

Britain Standard (BSF)

Kusamukira ku Britain Vorive wabwino (BSF) , mtundu wa ulusiwu ndi mtundu wa BSW. Ndi laling'ono phula , lomwe ndi mtunda pakati pa ulusi woyandikana , BSF linapangidwa kuti lizikhala ndi mphamvu yokwera komanso mphamvu m'mapulogalamu omwe akugwiritsa ntchito . Madziwe yayikulu  amakhala ofanana ndi BSW, koma phula labwino limalola ulusi uliwonse pa inchi pa inchi, yomwe imatanthauzira kunyezimira. BSF  nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu malonda agalimoto, komwe chinsinsi.

Chitoliro cha Britain Versin (BSP / G)

DISS (Kukula kwa Nazonil)	kwa	ulusi	womata	wamphongo	Kukula
-02 (1/8)	28	9.7	0.38	8.9	0.35
-04 (1/4)	19	13.2	0.52	11.9	0.47
-06 (3/8)	19	16.5	0.65	15.2	0.60
-08 (1/2)	14	20.8	0.82	19.1	0.75
-10 (5/8)	14	22.4	0.88	20.3	0.80
-12 (3/4)	14	26.4	1.04	24.6	0.97
-16 (1)	11	33.0	1.30	31.0	1.22
-20 (1 ¼)	11	41.9	1.65	39.6	1.56
-24 (1 ½)	11	47.8	1.88	45.5	1.79
-32 (2)	11	59.7	2.35	57.4	2.26

Chitoliro cha Britain chokhazikika (BSP) , chimadziwikanso kuti g , ndi mtundu wa ulusi wofananawo  womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani ogulitsa madzi . Mosiyana ndi ulusi wa tape, ulusi wa BSP umakhalanso ndi mainchesi omwewo kuchokera kumapeto mpaka kumapeto, kuwapangitsa kukhala ngati ulusi wofanana . Kapangidwe kameneka ndikofunikira kuti mupeze nduna za mulungu  ndi zoyenerera , pomwe zisindikizo zapadera  ndizofunikira. BSP nthawi zambiri imayerekezedwa ndi ulusi waku America , koma osasinthasintha chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa ulusi wa ulusi.

Britain Standard Tpeper (BSPT / R)

BSP ulusi	wakunja wa	TPI
1/16 Inch BSP	7.7 mm / 0.304 '	28
1/8 Inch BSP	9.7 mm / 0.383 '	28
1/4 Inch BSP	13.16 mm / 0.518 '	19
3/8 Inch BSP	16.66 mm / 0.656 '	19
1/2 inch BSP	20.99 mm / 0.825 '	14
5/8 Inch BSP	22.99 mm / 0.902 '	14
3/4 Inch BSP	26.44 mm / 1.041 '	14
7/8 Inch BSP	30.20 mm / 1.189 '	14
1 inchi	33.25 mm / 1.309 '	11
1-1 / 4 inchi BSP	41.91 mm / 1.650 '	11
1-1 / 2 inchi	47.80 mm / 1.882 '	11
2 inchi	59.61 mm / 2.347 '	11
2-1 / 4 inchi BSP	65.71 mm / 2.587 '	11
2-1 / 2 inchi	75.18 mm / 2.96 '	11
3 inchi	87.88 mm / 3.46 '	11
4 inchi	113.03 mm / 4.45 '	11
5 inchi	138.43 mm / 5.45 '	11
6 inchi	163.83 mm / 6.45 '	11

Pomaliza, Britain Standard Pipe (BSPT) , yodziwika kuti r , ndi ulusi  wogwiritsidwa ntchito mu kulumikizana zambiri  . Tapenga amapanga chisindikizo  pokakamiza ulusi  wa ulusi wachimuna uja  , kulola kuti madzi adzime. BSPS ili makamaka mu makampani opanga madzi amadzimadzi , pomwe kudziletsa  kumachititsa. Kutalika kwa matayala  kumatsimikizira kuti ulusi uliwonse umawombanso pambuyo pake, kupereka kulumikizana kodalirika kwa chitoliro , chubu cha , ndi kulumikizidwa.

Mu chilichonse mwa zikwangwani za Ariti Orderts , Chizindikiritso  ndichofunikira. Zida ngati geitgege  kapena caliper  nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito posankha mtundu  ndi kukula. Kumvetsetsa magawo a geometric  a ulusiwu, kuchokera m'mimba lalikulu  kuti lizitikizani , ndikofunikira kuti mutsimikizire kugwirizana ndi kumagwiridwera kumagwiridwe antchito. Kaya mu mbiri yakale kapena mapulani amakono, ulusi wa Britain Standards  amakhala olunjika ku mafakitale osiyanasiyana, mitundu ina yofunika kwambiri  ulusi wa ISO ngati , ulusi wa monga ISO.

Zithunzi zopindika

Kumvetsetsa zipse zopindika mu mapira ndi mpweya

Zithunzi zofananira ndizofunika pakuwonetsetsa zolumikizira zojambulajambula ndi masisi. Amakhala ngati chinthu chovuta polumikizana ndi mapaipi, mavavu, ndi zolimba mosatekeseka. Kukula kwamisamba ndikofunikira  m'mapulogalamuwa, chifukwa iyenera kukwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa njirayi komanso kukakamizidwa kwa dongosololi.

Matope ojambula

Tikamalankhula za ulusi wampiyu , nthawi zambiri timangotanthauza mitundu iwiri yosiyanasiyana: ulusi wamatumbo  ndi ulusi wokhazikika . Ulusi wowoneka bwino , womwe umadziwikanso kuti dziko la National Tripe (NPT) , pang'onopang'ono amachepetsa mainchesi kuchokera mbali imodzi pomwe ulusi umachitika. Zingwe zofananira  ndizofanana koma kukhala ndi mawonekedwe pang'ono, kuwonjezera mphamvu zowonjezera pa kulumikizidwa.

Zithunzi zopindika za Fayilo  zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani ogulitsa madzi . Amapanga chisindikizo kudzera mumimba. Pipe Dpepe  kapena tepi ya Teflon  nthawi zambiri imachita ngati othandizira kusindikizira kuti awonetsetse kulumikizana kwaulere.

Mofananamo, ulusi wamapaito wa zopindika  umakhala wamba koma ndizofunikira. Amapezeka m'mapulogalamu ena omwe kukakamizidwa ndi zofuna zamakina ndizokwera.

Kuzindikira Zithunzi Zithunzi

Kuzindikira ulusi  ndikofunikira pakukonza ndi kusonkhanitsa mapaipi. Gaitge wa  kapena caliper  angagwiritsidwe ntchito posankha mtundu ulusi  ndi kukula. Mwachitsanzo, ulusi waku America  ndi ulusi wolumikizidwa  ndi ulusi wamba  wokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.

Mitundu yopindika ya ku America  ngati NPT  imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku North America. Amatsatira miyendo yolumikizidwa , yomwe imaphatikizapo ulusi wolumikizidwa wa National (osagwirizana)  ndi ulusi wabwino wogwirizana (osavomerezeka).

Britain Standard Pipe (BSPT)  ndi Britain Standard Whitworth (  kuphatikizapo mitundu ya Britain ya Fritworth Coarsa (Bswc) , ndi mitundu yamitundu ya  ku United Kingdom ndi Commewealth.

Magawo a ulusi ndi zida

Mulidzanso maimelo  a ulusi wa chitoliro  ndi muyeso wovuta kwambiri. Ndiwo kutalika  kwa cylinder yoyerekeza  komwe makulidwe a ulusiwo  ndi ofanana ndi malo owonda . Kuti muyeze molondola, mawonekedwe a phula  kapena caliper  amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zingwe zazimuna  ndi zazingwe zazikazi  ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza ulusi wakunja  ndi ulusi wamkati , motero. Zingwe zazimuna  zimapezeka kunja kwa mapaipi kapena zomangira, pomwe zingwe zazikazi  zili mkati.

Nthaka zakumanja  ndi muyezo mu malonda, komwe ulusiwo umawongolera  koloko. Zingwe zakumanzere  sizili zofananira komanso zolimba.

Malangizo Othandiza a Kusankha Matumbo

l Nthawi zonse gwiritsani ntchito gauge  kuti mutsimikizire ulusi  ndi mainchesi.

l onetsetsani ulusi wokutidwa  wosindikizidwa ndi wosindikizidwa ndi chipilala.

l Pazogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, lingalirani ulusi  wamphamvu wamphamvu.

dziwitsani miyezo ya mafakitale  ya mtundu wapadera wa kukhazikitsa mukugwira.

gwiritsani ntchito njira yolondola ya ulusi  kuti mupewe kulumikizana.

Kuzindikira kusiyana pakati pa ulusi wampikisano ndi woganiza bwino  ndikofunikira kwa aliyense mu minda yokhazikika ya misika kapena gasi. woyenera Kuzindikira ulusi  ndi kusankha kumatha kuletsa kutayikira, onetsetsani kuti umphumphu kukhulupirika, ndikusungabe miyezo yotetezeka m'mapulogalamu ovuta awa.

 

Mitundu yapamwamba

Ponena za mitundu ya ulusi, ambiri aife timadziwa mitundu wamba yomwe timakumana ndi zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku ngati ma bolts ndi mtedza. Komabe, pali dziko lamitundu yovuta kwambiri yomwe imagwira ntchito zotsutsa mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Tiyeni tilowe m'malo ena apamwamba ndi ntchito zapadera.

Ulusi ulusi

Zingwe za ACEME zimadziwika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo ochulukitsa, kuwapangitsa kukhala olimba komanso oyenera bwino kuposa katundu wolemera kuposa zojambula zofala kwambiri . Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mafayilo ngati zikhalidwe ndi ma jacks komwe mphamvu ndi kukhazikika ndizofunikira.

Zithunzi zopindika

Zingwe zopindika ndizosiyana ndi zolengedwa ndi mizu yake. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe ulusi ukhoza kuvulazidwa kapena kuyenera kukhala kotsuka mosavuta, monga chakudya ndi chakumwa.

Zingwe zopota

Zingwe zopumira zimakhala ndi kapangidwe kamene kamalola kusamutsidwa kwakukulu mbali imodzi. Ndiwopita kukachita ulusi wogwiritsira ntchito ngati makina osindikizira  momwe mungafunire ulusi kuti uzigwira mphamvu zambiri pomutsogolera mzere.

Ulusi ulusi

Mitundu ya nyongolotsi ndi yofunika mu machitidwe komwe kayendedwe kazomera umafunikira kutembenuka kukhala mzere. Ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri mu magiya, monga omwe amapezeka pochotsa zida kapena zokweza.

Ntchito Zapadera

Mtundu uliwonse wa ulusi wokwezeka umapereka cholinga chapadera, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimagwirizana ndi zosowa zamakampani.

Zingwe za a acme sizongolimba; Amaperekanso chokwanira, ndikuwapangitsa kukhala abwino pakugulitsa magetsi.

Zingwe za L Knuckle, ndi kuthekera kwawo kukana zowonongeka, ndizofunikira kwambiri pantchito yomwe  makina amakumana ndi zovuta.

Malungwe a L OBRESS ndiwofunikira mu zida zodzipangira pazida zolimba  chifukwa chotha kuthana ndi ma turm axial.

L Wirm ulusi ndi msana wa njira zoyendetsera mayendedwe a Mosungunuke , kusewera gawo lofunikira m'magawo ngati ma entiots and aerospace.

Mafakitale omwe zingwe izi ndizovuta

Mitundu yapamwamba siyimangokhala yokhudza kugwira ntchito; Amanena molondola komanso kudalirika m'malo okwera.

l Mafakitale a ndege  amadalira ulusi wapaderawu kuti atetezedwe ndi magwiridwe antchito a ndege.

l mu malonda am'madzi , kukhazikika kwa zingwe izi ndikofunikira kuti pakhale malo abwino okhala ndi mchere.

l Chipatala chamankhwala  chimagwiritsa ntchito ulusi wapamwamba kwambiri pazida zopulumutsa moyo, komwe kulephera si njira.

l Mphamvu ya Ency  imatengera ulusiwu kuti akonzekere ndikugwiritsa ntchito makina olemera.

Ngakhale mitundu  ngati ulusi wa  yodziwika ISO  bwino Kukula kwa ulusi , ndipo momwemonso mtundu wa ulusi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kaya ndi ulusi  wa acme kapena ulusi wa nyongolotsi  mu gearbox, kumvetsetsa mitundu yofunikayi  ndikofunikira kwa akatswiri opanga mainjiniya. Kusankha ulusi woyenera - khalani ulusi wofanana  kapena ulusi wofanana ndi wofanana - umapangitsa kusiyana konse kumapangitsa kuti magawo azikhala opindika.

Magawo a geometric a ulusi

Kumvetsetsa magawo a geometric a ulusi  ndikofunikira kwa aliyense amene akugwira ntchito ndi zigawo zopindika . Kaya muli m'makampani ogulitsa madzi  kapena kuthana ndi ulusi wofuula , kudziwa magawo awa kumatsimikizira kugwirizana komanso magwiridwe antchito.

Ma diameter akulu ndi ochepa

Ma dilesiti yayikulu  imatanthauzanso mainchesi akulu kwambiri  a ulusi . Ili ndi ulusi wakunja  wa ulusi wamphongo  kapena m'mimba mwake kwambiri wa ulusi wachikazi . Komanso, mulifupi laling'ono  ndiye maimelo ang'ono kwambiri a ulusi. Ndi mainchesi a silinda yolingalira  yomwe imangogwira ulusi  wa ulusi wakunja  kapena gawo la ulusi  pamzake wamkati . ulusi . Chifukwa chake, kupeza bwino ma diamerates ndi zoyenera ndikofunikira.

Phatikizani mulifupi komanso kufunikira kwake

Mulingo wowoneka bwino  ndi gawo lovuta lomwe limagona pakati pa magawo akulu ndi ochepa. Ndiwo mainchesi a cylinder  pomwe pali mtunda  kuchokera pa ditch diameter kulowera  mbali imodzi kupita ku ulusi  mbali inayo ndi yofanana. Mulingo wofunikira  ndikofunikira pamene ikuthandizira kupanga ulusi  ndikuwonetsetsa kulumikizana koyenera.

Ulusi wa ulusi ndi ntchito zake

Kukula kwa ulusi  ndi mtunda  pakati pa malo oyandikana  ndi ulusi pa ndege . Ndi njira yachindunji ya chiwerengero cha ulusi uliwonse kutalika kwa gawo ndipo ndikofunikira kuti zizindikiridwe . Mu metric system , phula limafotokozedwa mu mamilimita, pomwe munthawi yokhazikitsidwa  ndi zingwe zolumikizidwa ndi zipika  kapena ulusi waku America , zimafotokozedwa ngati ulusi pa inchi. Magulu a Pitch  nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza molondola.

Kutsimikizira ulusi wambiri

Kutsogolera  ndi mtunda wa chingwe choluka chimayenda m'mbali mwake ndi kuzungulira kamodzi kwathunthu. Kwa screed imodzi yolumikizidwa, kutsogolera ndikofanana ndi phula. Komabe, kwa screed yolumikizidwa kawiri , kutsogolera kuli kawiri kawiri. Lingaliro ili ndilofunika kuti ntchito zizifuna kuti zikhale bwino.

Makona a mano ndi ngodya

Kuta kwa mano , komwenso kumadziwika ngati ngodya yokhoma , ndiye ngodya pakati pa ulusi . Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Zingwe  Monga Metric Tsiri , wa Aritring Oriting Orting , kapena muyezo wogwirizana  amakhala ndi ngolo yosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, zingwe zingwe  zimakhala ndi ngodya 60  , pomwe mtundu wa Britain Standar Worsishi wamitu  umakhala ndi ma 55  . Maonekedwe ndi  ndi ngodya zimakhudza ulusi wa ulusi  mphamvu zake.

monga diamer , ma , diameter , ditter shop diamer  Magawo a geometric Magawo awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yosiyanasiyana  ya ulusi wofanana , ndi , ulusi wamawu , komanso mitundu ya ku America . Kumvetsetsa koyenera ndi muyeso woyenera wa magawo awa pogwiritsa ntchito zida ngati ma calipers  ndi zingwe zokhala  zolondola zikwangwani  komanso zogwirizana ndi chokhazikika  chitoliro , , ndi ndi zomangira za chubu . Kumbukirani, mdziko lapansi la ulusi , molondola ndi kiyi.

Kuwongolera kopita ndi sitepe kuzindikiritsa ulusi

Gawo 1: Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu yofananira ndi matope

Mukamachita ndi ulusi , ndikofunikira kudziwa ngati mukugwira ntchito yofananira  mitundu ndi  . Zingwe zofananira  zimasunganso kumapeto kwenikweni, pomwe timapaka matayala  pansi, ndikuyamba kuchepera kumapeto. Kuwauza, kuyang'ana pafupi. Zingwe zofananira  zimawoneka yunifolomu, pomwe ulusi wopota utoto  umawoneka ngati ukusintha.

Kuti mumve bwino, gwiritsani ntchito caliper . Yerekezerani mainchesi pamalo  osiyanasiyana a ulusi. Ngati muyeso ndi womwewo, ndi ulusi wofanana . Ngati achepera, muli ndi ulusi wambiri . M'makampani opanga madzi , pozindikira kusiyana kumeneku ndikofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kulumikizana koyenera.

Gawo 2: Kuyeza ulusi wa ulusi wokhala ndi mawonekedwe a phula

Phula la  ulusi ndi mtunda  pakati pa ma crests. Kuyeza izi, mudzagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a phula . Chida ichi chili ndi masamba osiyanasiyana, chilichonse chimakhala ndi mano osiyanasiyana. Ingofanana ndi kuvala kwa ulusi. Ikakwanira modabwitsa, mwapeza phula lanu . Gawo ili ndi kiyi yamitundu yonse iwiri ndi  mitundu yaku America.

Gawo 3: Kuzindikira Kukula ndi Mbiri

Kuti mudziwe kukula kwa ulusi , yeretsani m'mimba mwake - mulifupi kwambiri ndi ulusi wamphongo  kapena ulusi wakunja  wa ulusi wachikazi. Gwiritsani ntchito caliper  kuti muchepetse. Kenako, onaninso mbiri ya ulusi . Izi zikuphatikiza mawonekedwe a mano  ndi ulusi wa geometry . meo gread  ndi ulusi wogwirizana bwino  ndi mitundu wamba ndi mitundu yodziwika , iliyonse yokhala ndi mbiri yapadera.

Gawo 4: Kupanga ulusi malinga ndi miyezo

Pomaliza, musankhe ulusiwo  malinga ndi makina ogulitsa. Muyenera kudziwa la mbiri ya Nomwenal kukula , liwiro , ndipo ngati ndi dzanja lamanja  kapena lamanzere . Miyezo yodziwika bwino imakhala ndi fitric ulusi , wa Britartish Standar theurse , komanso ulusi wa dziko lonse . Nthawi zonse muzikumbukira miyezo yamakampani  kuti mupange ulusiwo.

SH Herdter Kuwala kwa  pakuwonetsa ulusi woyenera woyenera  kugwiritsa ntchito filimuyo ngati nduna ya huse  ndi mpweya Compressror amachepetsa zosefera . choyenera Chizindikiritso  ndi mwala wapamwamba wolosera zachilengedwe  komanso maphunziro a ukadaulo  m'makampani amadalira magawo opindika.

Malangizo Othandiza Posankha Mtundu Woyenera

Mukamasankha ulusi  wa polojekiti yanu, zinthu zingapo zimayamba kusewera. Ndikofunikira kuganizira za ntchito , kuyeserera kwa , ndi mafakitale . Nayi kusokonekera kwa zomwe tiyenera kukumbukira:

Zinthu zofunika kuziganizira mukamasankha ulusi

1. Kuzindikira Kuzindikira : Ndikofunikira kuzindikira mtundu wa ulusi  molondola. Gwiritsani ntchito gauge  kuti mudziwe ulusi wa ulusi  ndi caliper  kuti muyeze m'mimba mwake.

2. Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana : Ikudziwa mitundu wamba . ndi ulusi , wamitundu Kaya ya ISO

3. Makampani ogulitsa madzi am'madzi : Ngati muli gawo ili, ulusi wogwirizana  ukhoza kukhala kuti upite. Adapangidwa kuti azikhala opanikizika kwambiri.

4. Kukula kwa ulusi : Nthawi zonse onetsetsani kuti mulingo  wolumikizira ulusi . Kukula kolakwika kumatha kuyambitsa kutaya kapena kuwonongeka kwa zinthu.

5. Ulusi wofanana wa  vs. Thirani ulusi : Mvetsetsani kusiyana. Zingwe zofananira  zimasunganso mainchesi omwewo, pomwe ulusi  wopapatiza pansi. Izi zimakhudza chisindikizo  ndi momwe amapangira ulusi.

6. Ditch mulifupi : Mulingo wowoneka bwino  ndi gawo lofunikira. Ndi silinda yolingalira  komwe mtunda  pakati pa ulusi  ndi wofanana.

Zolakwika Zodziwika Kuti Mupewe

LORMSTCHIng ulusi : Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi wachimuna  ndi ulusi wachikazi wolakwika . Izi zitha kuvula ulusi  kapena kuyambitsa bwino.

Ndikunyalanyaza njira ya dzanja : ulusi wamanja  ndi wofala kwambiri, koma ulusi wamanzere  umagwiritsidwa ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito kwina. Osasakaniza iwo.

: Miyezo yopitilira Makina ogwirira ntchito , monga ulusi wogwirizana  kapena aSO metric chule , onetsetsani kuti kugwirizana. Osamawanyalanyaza.

l Kunyalanyaza zinthu : Zinthu za ulusiwo  ziyenera kufanana ndi magawo omwe amalumikiza. Zida zosagwirizana zimatha kunyamula kapena kulephera.

Kuyiwala zida zodziwitsa za ulusi : Zida ngati gawo la ulusi  ndilofunika. Amathandizira kupewa zolakwa mu chizindikiritso.

Kumbukirani kuti, njira yodziwitsa ulusi sikuyenera kunyalanyazidwa mopepuka. Ndi maziko a kulumikizidwa koyenera komanso koyenera. Mwachitsanzo.

Kusankha mtundu wolume koyenera kumatanthauzanso kuganizira za kapangidwe ka ulusi. Kwa chitoliro cha chitoliro, dziko la National Taper (NPT) ndi Britain Standard Tpeper (BSPT) ndi mitundu yofunika kwambiri. Amagwiritsa ntchito ulusi wamapatupi ndi zowona za chidindo cholimba.

Mosiyana ndi izi, ntchito zomwe zimafuna ulusi wofanana ufa wa ilo metoni kapena ulusi wolumikizidwa wa National. Awa akuwonetsetsa kuti mulifupi ndi mbali zopindika.

Pomaliza, musaiwale za kuneneratu kwa pokonza ndi ukadaulo. Kukhala patsogolo ndi Iot kumatha kukuthandizani kusankha mtundu wa ulusi woyenera ndikusunga bwino. Ndipo pomwe ma compressor a mpweya amangowoneka ngati osagwirizana, nawonso amadalira kusankhidwa koyenera kuti agwire bwino ntchito.

Mapeto

Tinayenda kudutsa zingwe zapakatikati, kuwunika nyuzizo zomwe zimapangitsa mtundu uliwonse kukhala wapadera. Kuchokera pa ulusi waku America wopita ku zingwe za IOO iso, kumvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ulusi sungophunzitsidwa chabe - ndikofunikira. M'mafakitale ngati mphamvu kapena kupanga ulusi wanu wogwirizana kuchokera ku ulusi wanu wa Britain Whitworth amatha kutanthauza kusiyana pakati pa chovuta changwiro komanso chotsika mtengo.

Ganizirani izi kuti muchitepo kanthu: Gwiritsani ntchito luso lanu lozindikiritsa kuti mupititse patsogolo ntchito yanu. Kaya mukupanga zolimbitsa thupi kapena kusankha chitoliro cholondola cha zoyenerera za chubu, kumbukirani kuti ulusi wokulirapo. Ndi geitgege ndi dzanja la caliper, muli ndi zida zopangira ulusi molimba mtima.

Kwa iwo omwe ali m'munda, njira yodziwitsa ulusi sikuti ndi kulumikiza koyenera; Zili pafupi kuonetsetsa chitetezo ndi kuchita bwino. Miyezo ya mafakitale imapezeka kuti ikutitsogolera, ndi zida ngati ulusi wa ulusi wothandiza kusunga miyezo imeneyi. Kumbukirani, mitundu ya ulusi sikuti ndi chabe mndandanda wa mayina-amayiwo ndi chilankhulo chawo, chilankhulo chomwe chimalankhula kukhulupirika chilichonse choyenera.

Pomaliza, mitundu yofunika ulusi-ulusi wofanana, ulusi wa ulusi, aSO ulusi, mitundu ya ku America, ndi mizere yomanga yazomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito. Pamene ukadaulo umapita ndi mafakitale a mafakitale ndikudziwitsanso, motero tiyenera kudziwa zambiri za ulusi.