Reba: 39 Umwanditsi: Muhinduzi bwa Sings Gutanga Igihe: 2024--17 Inkomoko: Urubuga
Mu kinyejana kirenga, ibyuma yakuyeho iterambere ry'inganda, ritanga inzira yo gutera imbere mu mirenge itandukanye. Uru rugendo rwibyuma ruva mu ntera ya hose irangira, ingingo zikomeye muri Yoo mu nteko zinyuranyije n'ibisabwa byihariye. Ariko wari ubizi, mwisi ya Yoose Inteko, cyane cyane muri sisitemu ya hydraulic, guhitamo ibyuma birashobora gukora isi itandukanye?
Mugihe ibikoresho nkumuringa na alumunum bifite akamaro kabo, ibyuma, muburyo butandukanye, akenshi ni we wiruka imbere kugirango wirukane. Icyemezo hagati yo gukoresha ibyuma bya karubone cyangwa ibyuma bidafite ingaruka birenze guhitamo gusa; Byerekeranye no gusobanukirwa Inteko yawe ya Hose izahura nayo. Ibintu nkibihe byumubiri, igiciro, kandi kuboneka bigira uruhare runini muri iki gikorwa cyo gufata ibyemezo. Ariko ntugire ikibazo, ntukeneye kuba umuhanga kugirango wumve ibi. Ndi hano kukugendera mumakuru yingenzi kubyerekeye ibyuma bitandukanije, bigatuma icyemezo cyawe cyoroshe cyane. Reka twinjire mu itandukaniro rishishikaje hagati y'icyuma cya karubone hamwe n'icyuma bidashira, tukamenya uburyo guhitamo uburenganzira bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere n'imbaro ya hose inteko zawe zo hanze.
Icyuma cya karubone, cyane cyane cyakozwe kuva mucyuma na karubone, nibikoresho shingiro mukora. Ibikorwa byayo biratandukanye, hamwe nibintu bya karubone kuva hasi nka 0.3% kugeza hejuru nka 2%. Iyi mihindagurikire itandukanye iganisha ku ntera zitandukanye za karubone, buri kimwe gifite imiterere itandukanye. Ibiri hejuru ya karubone, biramba no gukomera kubyuma biba, ariko nabyo byongera ububi. Ikigaragara ni uko ibyuma bya karubone ridafite chromium ihari mubyuma bidafite ikibazo, nikintu cyingenzi kirwanya ruswa.
Mu nyenzi ya hose iherezo rya Fetings, ibyuma bya karubone ni amahitamo akunzwe. Ikabukuru yacyo ituma ikwiranye na sisitemu ya hydraulic, aho igitutu kinini ari ibisanzwe. Ibyuma bya karubone bikoreshwa muburyo bwinganda, cyane cyane aho bidahangayikishijwe cyane nibirori cyangwa aho ibidukikije bigenzurwa. Imbaraga za karubone yo hejuru ni ingirakamaro cyane mubukeri bwo gucunga amazu ya hydraulic.
Hariho ibyiciro bitatu bya karubone: hasi, hagati, no hejuru. Buri cyiciro kikwiranye nubwoko butandukanye bwa porogaramu:
l Ibyuma bike bya karubone (ibyuma bito) : Byakoreshejwe mubidukikije bidakenewe. Biroroshye gushiraho no gusudira ariko bikunze guterana ntaho ari cooting.
l Hagati ya karubone yicyuma : itanga impirimbanyi nziza yimbaraga nigicucu, bigatuma bikwiranye nibice byinshi.
l Icyuma cyo hejuru cya karubone : kizwi ku mbaraga nyinshi, ikoreshwa muguhangayikishwa cyane ariko birashobora gutontoma.
Ibyiza :
1. Kuramba : cyane cyane icyuma cyinshi cya karubone, gihagaze neza kumihangayiko yumubiri.
2. Ibiciro-byiza : Mubisanzwe bidahenze kuruta ibyuma bidafite ingaruka, bituma ihitamo neza kumishinga yoroshye.
3. Ubushyuhe : Bishoboye kwihanganira ubushyuhe burebure nta myifatire mibi.
Ibibi :
1. RORROSONIONS KUBONA : Ntaho bihuriye cyangwa kuvura, ibyuma bya karubone birashobora kugenda na corode, cyane cyane mubidukikije.
2. Ibikorwa bike : ntibikwiriye kubidukikije hamwe nubushuhe bukabije cyangwa ibintu byangiza.
3. Umunyacyubahiro : Ibyuma byinshi bya karubone, nubwo bikomeye, birashobora kuvunika, bishobora kuba impungenge mubisabwa bimwe.
Mu rwego rwo guhonga, guhitamo ibyuma bya karubone bigomba guhuza n'ibisabwa byihariye, urebye imbaraga n'imbogamizi y'ibikoresho. Gusobanukirwa imitungo itandukanye hamwe nicyuma cya karubone mubisabwa bitandukanye byimiterere ninganda ningirakamaro kubikorwa byamenyeshejwe. Ubumenyi kubyerekeye ibigize, ubwoko, hamwe nibisabwa byibyuma bya karubone birashobora kukuyobora muguhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye kubikeneye. Byaba ari gahunda yo kumuvuduko mwinshi hydraulic cyangwa igenamigambi rigenzurwa, ibyuma bya karubone birashobora gutanga igisubizo gikomeye kandi gitanga cyiza.
Icyuma kitagira ikinyabumbanyi, ibikoresho byingenzi muri hose birangiza fittings, bitandukanijwe na chromium ikomeye - byibuze 10%. IYI IBIKORWA BYA CHROMIUM ni ngombwa kubera kurwanya ruswa izwi cyane. Byongeye kandi, ibintu nka Nikel, Molybdenum, na azote barashobora kongerwaho kugirango bongere ibintu byihariye. Hano hari amanota arenga 150 yibisebe bitagira ingaruka, ariko bike mubisanzwe bikoreshwa muri fose fittings.
Ibyiza :
1. Kurwanya ruswa : Ibyiza kubidukikije bigaragara kumiti cyangwa ubuhehere.
2. Kuramba : Kuramba ni ikiranga, kugabanya gukenera gusimburwa kenshi.
3. Kurwanya ubushyuhe : Imikorere myiza haba murwego rwo hejuru nubushyuhe buke.
Porogaramu :
l ikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu ya hydraulic aho gukumira kunegura ni ngombwa.
l Mu nganda zimeze nka marine, gutunganya imiti, no gutunganya ibiryo aho kugatunganya ibiryo ari impungenge.
Amanota abiri azwi cyane yiganje ku isoko:
1. 304 Icyuma kitagira ikinyabupfura : Bizwi kubinyuranya nabyo no kurwanya ibicuruzwa byiza. Ni kugenda kubidukikije.
2. 316 Icyuma kidafite ingaruka : irimo Molybdenum, kuzamura ihohoterwa rishingiye ku garomba, cyane cyane mu bidukikije bikungahaye kuri chloride.
l 304 ibyuma bitagira ingano :
¡ Byiza gukoresha rusange.
.Ihohoterwa ryiza
¡ Bidahenze kurenza 316, gukora amafaranga make kubihe bidasanzwe.
L 316 Icyuma Cyiza :
¡ Ikirenga mubidukikije bikaze, cyane cyane aho chloride zihari.
¡ Birahenze gato, gutsindishirizwa nubuntu bwayo.
¡ Icyiza kuri porogaramu yo mu nyanja cyangwa ibihingwa bitunganya imiti.
Mugihe uhitamo ibiti byanduye birangira fittaings, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibisabwa byihariye. Yaba ari ibintu 304 cyangwa byinshi byakomeye 316, guhitamo bigira ingaruka ku buryo burambye no gukora amateraniro yawe yoo. Gusobanukirwa izo mbogamizi zifasha gufata umwanzuro, kwemeza ko fittings yawe yujuje ibyifuzo byateganijwe. Imico yibyuma idafite ishingiro, nkimbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa n'imbaraga, bigire guhitamo kwizewe kandi kuramba kandi birambye kubisabwa byinganda nubucuruzi.
Iyo ugereranya ibyuma byanduye na karubone ryamashanyarazi birangira fittings, ikintu cyingenzi ni ugutura no kurwanya ruswa:
L Icyuma Cyiza :
¡ Kurwanya kwangwa : Bidasanzwe, bitewe na chromium.
Kuramba : Komeza ubunyangamugayo mugihe , ndetse no mubidukikije bikaze.
Porogaramu .: Nibyiza kubigena hamwe nubushuhe cyangwa imiti
L Icyuma CARBON :
Kuramba : Gukomera kandi bikomeye, cyane cyane karubone.
: Kurwanya kwangwa Hasi ugereranije nicyuma bidafite ingaruka, bisaba ko ari cotation yo kurinda.
Gusaba : Ibyiza kubidukikije byumye, bigenzurwa.
Uburemere : Imiterere ya Carbone ikunda kuba iremereye, igira ingaruka kuburemere rusange bwiteraniro rya Hose.
l Ingano : Ibikoresho byombi biraboneka mubunini butandukanye, ariko imbaraga za steel idafite ibyuma bituma unyurwa no kunyereza utabangamiye.
Ingaruka kurikoreshejwe : Uburemere nubunini bwa fithings birashobora kugira ingaruka kumitekerereze no kwishyiriraho, cyane cyane muburyo bugoye cyangwa bunini.
Igihe cyo kwihanganira ubushyuhe :
¡ Icyatsi cya karubone : Kurwanya ubwiza buhebuje bwo hejuru, kubungabunga ubunyangamugayo.
Icyuma kitagira ingano : Ibyiza muri rusange, ariko amanota runaka akora neza mubushyuhe bukabije.
bw'Icyuma Ubunyangamugayo :
¡ Icyatsi cya karubone : byoroshye guhumeka kurwego rwo hejuru rwa karubone.
Ibyuma bidafite ingaruka : kubungabunga imiterere n'imikorere, ndetse no ku muvuduko w'ishuhe.
l Guhitamo : Hitamo ukurikije imiterere yihariye yibidukikije.
l Igiciro na Inyungu : tekereza kuramba no gusangwa.
: kugisha inama inzoga shaka inama kuri porogaramu yihariye cyangwa isaba.
Byombi ibyuma hamwe na sitbon ibyuma bifite akamaro kabo. Icyemezo kigomba gushingira ku bisabwa mu gusaba, kuringaniza ibintu nk'imiterere ya ruswa, uburemere, uburemere, kwihanganira ubushyuhe, n'ibiciro. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro ningirakamaro muguhitamo ibikoresho byiza byo kurangiza fittings muri sisitemu ya hydraulic nibindi bikorwa.
Mugihe uhitamo ibikoresho byo kuri Fee Titlings, igiciro cyambere nikintu gikomeye:
L Icyuma Cyiza :
¡ Muri rusange uhenze cyane kubera ikiguzi cyibikoresho nka chromium.
¡ Igiciro kiratandukanye gishingiye ku cyiciro, hamwe na 316 ntangara yicagamatanye mubisanzwe bishyuhe kugeza 304.
L Icyuma CARBON :
¡ Ikigereranyo kinini-kibanziriza.
¡ Ibiciro biri hasi bituma bituma bikurura imishinga yingengo yimari.
Ibitekerezo birebire ni ngombwa mu gusobanukirwa igiciro nyacyo:
L Icyuma Cyiza :
¡ Kubungabunga gake birakenewe kubera kurwanya ibicuruzwa byiza.
¡ Kurambagiza hejuru bisobanura gusimburwa kenshi, kugabanya ibiciro byigihe kirekire.
L Icyuma CARBON :
¡ Irashobora gusaba gufata neza, cyane cyane mubidukikije.
¡ Itunde ririnda rirashobora kuramba ariko ongeraho ibiciro byo kubungabunga.
Iherezo ryimibereho irashobora kandi guhindura ibintu:
L Icyuma Cyiza :
¡ Agaciro ko kugurisha agaciro katewe no kongera kurokorwa.
¡ Ibyuma bidafite ingaruka birashobora gusubirwamo nta gutesha agaciro muburyo bwiza.
L Icyuma CARBON :
.
.Inzira yo gutunganya irasobanutse neza, kora ibyuma bya karubone
l mugihe ibyuma bya karubone rishobora kugaragara neza-kubanza, ibintu nko kubungabunga no kuramba birashobora guhindura ikiguzi cyose cya nyirubwite.
l Icyuma kitagira ikinyabupfura, hamwe no kurwanya ruswa no kuramba, akenshi bitanga igisubizo kigenda neza mugihe kirekire.
l Ingaruka y'ibidukikije n'imyandikire nazo zigomba gusuzumwa, nk'ibikoresho byombi bitanga iherezo rirambye - z'ubuzima.
Guhitamo hagati yicyuma na karubone kuri hose form fittings bikubiyemo ibirenze igiciro cyambere cyo kugura. Bijyanye no gupima igihe kirekire, kuramba, no gutekereza ku bidukikije kugirango umenye uburyo buhebuje kandi burambye kuri porogaramu yawe yihariye.
Mugihe uhuye nibidukikije, guhitamo ibintu nibyingenzi:
L Icyuma Cyiza :
¡ Icyiza cyo kurwanya ruswa.
¡ Chromium ibirimo bitanga urwego ruringira, bigatuma bikwirakwira ahantu hatuje cyangwa imitima ikaze.
¡ 316 Urukurikirane rusabwe cyane kubera kurwanya ruswa.
L Icyuma CARBON :
¡ Ntabwo bisanzwe bisabwa kubidukikije.
¡ Niba ikoreshwa, aho kurinda ni ngombwa kugirango wirinde ingera no gutesha agaciro.
Mu buryo bworoshye cyane, imbaraga nimbaro byibyuma ni urufunguzo:
L Icyuma CARBON :
¡ Amahitamo meza kuri porogaramu yigituba kinini kubera imbaraga zayo.
¡ Rusanzwe muri sisitemu ya hydraulic aho imyigaragambyo ari impungenge.
¡ Ibyuma bya karubone rya karubone birahitamo kuramba kwabo.
L Icyuma Cyiza :
¡ Irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwimiti-minini, ariko amanota yihariye (nka 304 cyangwa 316) agomba guhitamo neza.
¡ Kwemeza uburinganire hagati yimbaraga nimbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa.
l Icyuma kitagira ingaruka: byatoranijwe kubera imiterere idahwitse.
¡ Nta kwanduza ibicuruzwa.
→ Biroroshye gusukura no gukomeza, kubahiriza amahame yisuku.
l Karubani
¡ Bikwiranye no gukora, kubaka, no gutwara ibintu bidakaze.
l Guhitamo hagati yicyuma na karubone ka karubone kugirango habaho Fitthings igomba kuyoborwa nibisabwa byihariye.
L Kurwanya ruswa, ubushobozi bwo gukemura ibibazo, n'inganda zisabwa ni ibintu bifatika nibintu bikomeye muri iki gikorwa cyo gufata ibyemezo.
Gusobanukirwa izo myandagura byemeza guhitamo ibintu bikwiye, bifatika, nibiciro byibiciro kuri buri gusaba bidasanzwe.
Mu bushakashatsi bwacu bwa 'karubone icyuma vs stel ibyuma byanduye birangira fittings, ' twakiyenye mubikoresho byombi. Twasuzumye ibihimbano bya karuboni, uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha, hamwe nubwoko, buremereye ibyiza byaryo nimbogamizi zo mu nteko za Yoo. Guhindura ibyuma bidafite ikibazo, twakoranye ibice byingenzi byacyo, cyane cyane 304 na 316 biratandukanye, byerekana ibyiza byihariye muri Oltings.
Isesengura ryacu rigereranya ryibanze ku kuramba, kurwanya ruswa, uburemere, uburemere, n'ubushyuhe, bitanga gusobanukirwa neza ubushobozi bwa buri kintu. Twatekereje kandi ku bintu by'ibiciro, harimo ibiciro byambere, kubungabunga igihe kirekire, no kugarura.
Kurangiza hamwe nibyifuzo byihariye, twatanze ubuyobozi bwo guhitamo ibyuma bifatika mubintu bitandukanye, nkibidukikije hamwe nibibazo byinshi, kandi bihuriye ninganda nibiryo. Iyi nkunga yuzuye ya side mugukora ibyemezo bimenyerejwe byo guhitamo ibintu byiza byanyuma.
