Reba: 165 Umwanditsi: Muhinduzi wurubuga Gutangaza Igihe: 2023-09-28 Inkomoko: Urubuga
Inzu yinganda zifite umutekano ningingo zingenzi mu nganda zinyuranye, zituma ihererekanyabubasha ry’amazi meza, gaze, nibindi bikoresho. Aya mabati akoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha, kuva mu nganda zikora kugeza mu ruganda rutunganya amavuta, aho bigira uruhare runini mu kubungabunga ibikorwa. Nyamara, kwizerwa nimikorere yaya ma hose biterwa cyane nubwoko bwa hose ya fitingi yakoreshejwe. Muri iyi ngingo, tuzasesengura uburyo bubiri busanzwe bwa hose amaherezo ya hose: guhonyora no koga.
Kuvunagura no guswera nubuhanga bukoreshwa muguhuza ibyuma kumpera yinganda zinganda, bitanga umurongo wizewe. Mugihe ubwo buryo bwombi bukora intego imwe, ni ngombwa kumva itandukaniro ryabo kubikorwa byiza bya hose. Kuvunika bikubiyemo guhunika icyuma kizengurutse hose kandi gikwiye, gukora kashe ikomeye. Kurundi ruhande, guswera bikubiyemo gukoresha hydraulic kugirango ushushanye neza na hose, bikavamo guhuza burundu.
Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati yo gutombora no guswera ningirakamaro ku nganda zishingiye ku guhuza umutekano. Guhitamo uburyo bukwiye birashobora kugira ingaruka kuri hose guhinduka, kuramba, no kurwanya kumeneka. Mugucengera muburyo bwubuhanga, ubucuruzi burashobora gufata ibyemezo byuzuye kugirango hamenyekane umutekano numutekano wa sisitemu yinganda zabo. Noneho, reka twibire cyane mwisi yo gutombora no guswera hanyuma tumenye ibintu byingenzi ugomba gusuzuma muguhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwa hose ya fitingi.
Kunyerera ni inzira ikomeye muguteranya amahinguriro yinganda zifite umutekano. Harimo gukoresha ibikoresho nibikoresho byabugenewe kugirango habeho isano ihamye kandi yizewe hagati ya hose n'ibikoresho byayo. Igikorwa cyo guhonyora cyemeza ko hose ikomeza gufatana neza, ikarinda ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyananiranye mugihe cyakoraga.
Kugirango ugere ku ntego nziza, intambwe nyinshi zirimo. Ubwa mbere, hose yaciwe kuburebure bwifuzwa, yemeza ko idafite inenge cyangwa ibyangiritse. Ibikurikira, ibikwiye byatoranijwe neza ukurikije ibisabwa byihariye. Ibikwiye noneho byinjizwa muri hose, byemeza neza.
Iyo ibikwiye bimaze kuba, inzira yo gutombora iratangira. Ibi birimo gukoresha imashini cyangwa igikoresho cyo guhonyora kugirango uhuze igikwiye, ushireho umutekano. Igikoresho gisunika gikoresha igitutu kiringaniye, gikwiye kashe. Iyi nzira isubirwamo kuri buri nteko ya hose, yemeza guhuza kandi kwizewe.
Crimping itanga ibyiza byinshi mugihe cyo gutekinika inganda. Ubwa mbere, guhuza amashanyarazi bihuza bitanga igihe kirekire no kuramba. Ikidodo gifatika cyakozwe nigikorwa cyo gutembagaza kirinda ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyananirwa cyangwa cyananiranye, byemeza ko hose ishobora kwihanganira ibyifuzo byinganda.
Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, guhuza amashanyarazi bihujwe bitanga imbaraga zo kurwanya kumeneka. Ndetse no gukwirakwiza umuvuduko ukwiranye neza ko nta ngingo zidakomeye cyangwa icyuho gishobora gutemba. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane mu nganda aho ihererekanyabubasha ry’amazi cyangwa gaze ari ingenzi, kuko kumeneka kwose bishobora kuviramo umutekano muke cyangwa gutakaza umutungo wingenzi.
Byongeye kandi, guhuza hose guhuza byongereye umuvuduko nubushobozi bwubushyuhe. Ihuza ryizewe ryakozwe nuburyo bwo gutembagaza ryemerera hose kwihanganira umuvuduko mwinshi nubushyuhe bitabangamiye ubunyangamugayo bwayo. Ibi bituma ama shitingi asobekeranye akwiranye ninganda nyinshi zikoreshwa mu nganda zisaba imikorere yizewe mubihe bigoye.
Mugihe guhonyora bitanga inyungu nyinshi, bifite kandi aho bigarukira. Imbogamizi imwe ni ibisabwa kubikoresho byihariye n'amahugurwa. Imashini n'ibikoresho byo kumeneka birakenewe kugirango tugere kubintu bikwiye kandi bihamye. Byongeye kandi, abashoramari bakeneye guhugurwa kuburyo bukwiye bwo guhonyora kugirango barebe ko amasano afite umutekano kandi yizewe. Ibi birashobora gusaba ishoramari ryinyongera mubikoresho n'amahugurwa kubigo bikoresha imiyoboro ya hose.
Indi mbogamizi yo guhonyora ni imipaka ihindagurika kubasimbuye hose cyangwa guhindura. Iyo hose imaze guhonyora, biragoye kuyisimbuza cyangwa kuyihindura utabanje guca ibice hanyuma ugatangira inzira yo kongera. Ibi birashobora gutwara igihe kandi bihenze, cyane cyane munganda aho bisabwa gusimbuza hose cyangwa guhindura. Kubwibyo, gutegura neza no gutekereza kubikenewe ejo hazaza birakenewe mugihe uhisemo guhuza amashanyarazi.
Crimping isanzwe ikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye aho inganda zinganda zifite umutekano ari ngombwa. Imwe muri izo nganda ni ubwubatsi n'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Muri iyi mirenge, ama shitingi akorerwa ibintu bitoroshye hamwe ninshingano ziremereye. Guhuza hose ya hose itanga ubwizerwe nigihe kirekire kugirango ihangane nibidukikije bisabwa guhura nibikorwa byubwubatsi nubucukuzi bwamabuye y'agaciro.
Inganda za peteroli na gaze nazo zishingiye cyane kumashanyarazi ya hose. Ihererekanyabubasha ry’amazi na gaze muri uru ruganda bisaba guhuza umutekano kugirango wirinde kumeneka no gukora neza kandi neza ibikoresho. Kuvunika bitanga ibyiringiro bikenewe byerekana ko ayo mavuta ashobora guhangana n’umuvuduko mwinshi n’imiterere mibi ihura n’ubushakashatsi bwa peteroli na gaze, umusaruro, no gutwara abantu.
Byongeye kandi, inganda zitwara abantu nogutwara inyungu zunguka amashanyarazi ahuza. Kuva kumurongo wa lisansi kugeza kuri feri ya feri, guhuza byoroheje bituma ihererekanyabubasha ryizewe kandi ryizewe mumodoka. Kuramba no kumeneka bitangwa na connexion ya hose ni ngombwa kugirango imikorere myiza ya sisitemu yimodoka, irinde umutekano wabagenzi nigikorwa cyimodoka neza.
Swaging nubuhanga bwihariye bukoreshwa muguteranya amahinguriro yinganda zifite umutekano. Harimo inzira yo guhuza burundu fitingi kuri hose mugusunika no guhindura ibibereye kumpera ya hose. Iyi nzira ikora ihuza rikomeye kandi ryizewe rirwanya imbaraga ziva hanze kandi ryemeza imikorere idatemba. Kugirango ubigereho, guswera bisaba gukoresha imashini nubuhanga kabuhariwe.
Intambwe-ku-ntambwe inzira yo guswera itangirana no gutegura amaherezo ya hose kandi akwiye. Impera ya hose yaciwe neza muburebure busabwa kandi igenzurwa kubitagenda neza. Ibikwiye nabyo birasuzumwa kugirango harebwe ko bitagira inenge. Iyo imyiteguro irangiye, iherezo rya hose ryinjijwe muburyo bukwiye, kandi inzira yo koga iratangira.
Imashini kabuhariwe, nka mashini yo koga cyangwa imashini ya hydraulic, ikoreshwa mugukoresha imbaraga no guhindura ibikwiranye kumpera ya hose. Ubu buryo bukubiyemo guhuza ibikwiranye na hose birangirana n'umuvuduko mwinshi, bigatuma ibyuma bitemba kandi bigahuza n'imiterere ya hose. Igisubizo ni umutekano wizewe kandi uhoraho ushobora kwihanganira umuvuduko mwinshi nibihe bikabije.
Swaging itanga inyungu nyinshi kurenza ubundi buryo bwo guhuza hose. Ubwa mbere, swage ya hose ihuza imbaraga zidasanzwe no kurwanya imbaraga zo hanze. Kwiyunvisha no guhindura ibintu bikwiranye na hose ya hose bituma habaho ihuza rikomeye rishobora kwihanganira umuvuduko mwinshi, kunyeganyega, hamwe no guhangayika. Ibi byemeza ko hose ikomeza kuba umutekano kandi ikarinda kumeneka, byongera umutekano mubikorwa byinganda.
Byongeye kandi, swage ya hose ihuza itanga isura itagabanije kandi igabanya ibyago byo guswera. Inzibacyuho igenda neza hagati ya fitingi na hose ikuraho impande zose zikarishye cyangwa zisohoka, bikagabanya amahirwe yo gufatwa cyangwa gufatwa mugihe cyo gukora. Ibi ntabwo biteza imbere ubwiza gusa ahubwo binagabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kwa hose, bikongerera igihe cyo kubaho.
Byongeye kandi, swaging irahujwe nubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho bya hose. Yaba reberi, thermoplastique, cyangwa ibyuma byuma, swaging irashobora gukoreshwa muguhuza neza ibyuma muburyo butandukanye bwa hose. Ubu buryo butandukanye butuma swaging ihitamo munganda aho ibikoresho bitandukanye bya hose bikoreshwa, byemeza uburyo bwo guteranya ibisanzwe kandi byizewe.
Nubwo ifite ibyiza byinshi, swage ifite aho igarukira igomba kwitabwaho. Imbogamizi imwe nigiciro cyambere cyambere kijyanye nimashini kabuhariwe zisabwa mugikorwa cyo guswera. Ishoramari mubikoresho byo guswera rirashobora kuba ingirakamaro, cyane cyane kubucuruzi buciriritse cyangwa abafite ibyifuzo bike byo guteranya hose. Nyamara, inyungu ndende zo guhuza amashanyarazi ya swage, nko kunoza kwizerwa no kugabanya ibiciro byo kubungabunga, akenshi biruta ishoramari ryambere.
Indi mbogamizi yo guswera nubushobozi buke bwo gusana kurubuga cyangwa kubisimbuza. Iyo hose imaze guhindagurika, ihinduka ihuza rihoraho ridashobora gusenywa byoroshye cyangwa gusanwa mumurima. Mugihe aho hose igomba gusimburwa cyangwa gusanwa, inteko yose ya hose irashobora gukenera gusimburwa, bikavamo igihe cyinyongera nigiciro. Kubwibyo, gutegura neza no kubungabunga ibidukikije ni ngombwa kugirango hagabanuke ibikenewe gusanwa cyangwa gusimburwa.
Swaging isanzwe ikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye bisaba guhuza umutekano neza. Imwe munganda nkiyi ni urwego rwindege nindege, aho kwizerwa numutekano byinteko za hose bifite akamaro kanini cyane. Guhuza hose ya hose ikoreshwa muri sisitemu yamavuta yindege, sisitemu ya hydraulic, nibindi bikorwa byingenzi, byemeza imikorere idatemba kandi bigabanya ibyago byo gutsindwa.
Inganda zo mu nyanja n’ubwubatsi nazo zikoresha cyane swaging kugirango zihuze hose. Kuva muri sisitemu yo kohereza lisansi kugeza kuri hydraulic sisitemu, guteranya amashanyarazi bitanga imbaraga zikenewe kandi biramba kugirango bihangane n’ibidukikije bikabije byo mu nyanja. Kurwanya imbaraga zo hanze hamwe nubushobozi bwo kwakira ibikoresho bitandukanye bya hose bituma swaging ihitamo neza kubikorwa bya marine.
Byongeye kandi, swaging ibona porogaramu mubikorwa bya chimique na farumasi. Ibisabwa bikenerwa muburyo bwo guhuza imiti nisuku bituma imiyoboro ya swage ihitamo ihitamo muruganda. Kugaragara nta nkomyi no kugabanya ibyago byo kwanduzwa bitangwa na swaging byemeza ubusugire bwa sisitemu yo kohereza amazi, yujuje ubuziranenge bwo hejuru n’umutekano.
Ku bijyanye no guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo kubona amahinguriro yinganda, ibintu byinshi bigomba kwitabwaho. Kimwe mubyingenzi byibanzeho ni ibiranga hose, birimo ibikoresho, ingano, hamwe nibisabwa gukoreshwa. Izi ngingo zigira uruhare runini mukumenya niba guhonyora cyangwa guswera aribwo buryo bwiza.
Ibikoresho bya hose ni ikintu cyingenzi tugomba gusuzuma. Ibikoresho bitandukanye bitanga urwego rutandukanye rwo guhinduka, kuramba, no kurwanya imiti no gukuramo. Kurugero, ama shitingi akozwe muri reberi yubukorikori akoreshwa muburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya amavuta n’imiti, mugihe ama shitingi akozwe mubikoresho bya termoplastique atanga uburyo bworoshye bwo guhangana nubushyuhe bukabije. Guhitamo hagati yo gutombora no guswera birashobora guterwa no guhuza ibikoresho bya hose hamwe na buri buryo.
Ingano ya hose nayo igira uruhare runini muguhitamo. Amabati manini akenshi akenera amanota yo hejuru kugirango yizere imikorere n'umutekano. Kuvunika bizwiho ubushobozi bwo gutanga umutekano wizewe kandi utarinze kumeneka kumurambararo munini wa diameter, bigatuma uhitamo neza muribyo bihe. Kurundi ruhande, guswera birashobora kuba amahitamo akwiye ya diameter ntoya aho guhinduka no koroshya kwishyiriraho ari ibintu byingenzi.
Byongeye kandi, ibyateganijwe gukoreshwa bya hose bigomba gusuzumwa. Inganda zitandukanye nibisabwa bifite ibisabwa byihariye nibisabwa. Kurugero, mu nganda aho usanga umuvuduko ukabije usanzwe, nka sisitemu ya hydraulic, guhonyora ni uburyo bwatoranijwe bitewe nubushobozi bwabwo bwo guhangana n’umuvuduko mwinshi. Ku rundi ruhande, guswera, birashobora kuba byiza cyane mubisabwa bisaba gusenywa no guteranya kenshi, nko mu nganda zikora imiti cyangwa gutunganya ibiryo.
Usibye ibiranga hose, ibisabwa mubikorwa bya porogaramu nabyo bigira uruhare runini muguhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo kubona ama shitingi yinganda. Ibintu nkibipimo byumuvuduko, ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, hamwe no kurwanya kunyeganyega bigomba gusuzumwa neza.
Igipimo cyumuvuduko bivuga umuvuduko ntarengwa hose ushobora kwihanganira utiriwe unanirwa. Crimping izwiho ubushobozi bwo gutanga ihuza rikomeye kandi ryizewe rishobora gukemura ibibazo byumuvuduko mwinshi. Kwiyuhagira, nubwo binashoboye guhangana ningutu nyinshi, birashobora kugira aho bigarukira mubijyanye nigipimo cyumuvuduko ugereranije no guhonyora. Kubwibyo, ibisabwa byingutu bya porogaramu bigomba kwitabwaho muguhitamo hagati yuburyo bubiri.
Urwego rw'ubushyuhe ni ikindi kintu cyingenzi gisuzumwa. Porogaramu zimwe zirimo ubushyuhe bukabije, haba hejuru cyangwa hasi, bishobora guhindura imikorere nubusugire bwa hose. Kuvunika muri rusange birwanya ubukana bukabije, bigatuma ihitamo neza kubisabwa birimo ubushyuhe butandukanye. Kwiyuhagira birashobora kuba bikunze guhura nibibazo bijyanye n'ubushyuhe, nko kumeneka cyangwa kugabanuka guhinduka, mubihe by'ubushyuhe bukabije.
Kurwanya kunyeganyega nabyo ni ikintu gikomeye kigomba kwitabwaho, cyane cyane mubisabwa aho ama hose ahura ninyeganyeza zihoraho. Crimping izwiho gutanga ihuza ryizewe kandi ryizewe rishobora kwihanganira kunyeganyega bitabangamiye imikorere. Kwiyuhagira, nubwo bigishoboye gutanga ihuza rikomeye, birashobora kugira aho bigarukira mubijyanye no kurwanya kunyeganyega. Kubwibyo, urwego rwo kunyeganyega rugaragara muri porogaramu rugomba kwitabwaho mugihe uhitamo hagati yo gutombora no guswera.
Usibye ibiranga hose nibisabwa mubikorwa, gutekereza kubiciro nabyo bigira uruhare runini mugikorwa cyo gufata ibyemezo. Uburyo bwombi bwo guhonyora no guswera bifitanye isano nibiciro bigomba gusuzumwa, harimo ishoramari ryambere, kubungabunga, hamwe nigihe cyo gutaha.
Igiciro cyambere cyishoramari gikubiyemo ibikoresho nibikoresho bisabwa kuri buri buryo. Kuvunika mubisanzwe bisaba imashini kabuhariwe kandi bipfa, bishobora kuba bihenze kugura cyangwa gukodesha. Ku rundi ruhande, guswera, birashobora gusaba ibikoresho bidasanzwe, bigatuma bishoboka cyane ko bikoresha amafaranga menshi mubijyanye nishoramari ryambere.
Amafaranga yo gufata neza nayo agomba kwitabwaho. Kuvunika birashobora gusaba kubungabungwa buri gihe, nko gusimbuza ibipfa bishaje cyangwa guhinduranya ibikoresho, kugirango bihuze kandi byizewe. Kwiyuhagira, nubwo muri rusange bisaba kubungabungwa bike, birashobora gukomeza kugenzurwa buri gihe no guhinduka kugirango ukomeze imikorere myiza.
Ibishobora kumanuka ni ikindi kintu gisuzumwa. Mu nganda aho amasaha yo hasi ashobora kuvamo igihombo kinini cyamafaranga, kugabanya igihe gikenewe cyo guteranya hose no gusimbuza ni ngombwa. Crimping izwiho gukora neza nihuta, itanga uburyo bwihuse kandi bwizewe bwa hose. Swaging, nubwo nayo ishoboye gutanga imiyoboro itekanye, irashobora gusaba igihe n'imbaraga nyinshi zo guterana no gusenya, birashoboka ko biganisha kumasaha maremare.
Ibisabwa kandi byoroshye ibisabwa bya porogaramu nabyo bigira ingaruka kumahitamo hagati yo gutombora no guswera. Rimwe na rimwe, imbogamizi zifatika zurubuga rwo kwishyiriraho zishobora kugabanya amahitamo aboneka.
Kunyunyuza imitsi bisaba kugera kumpande zombi za hose, bikemerera kwinjiza ibikoresho hamwe no gutembagaza. Niba urubuga rwo kwishyiriraho rufite umwanya muto cyangwa kubuzwa kwinjira, guhonyora ntibishobora kuba amahitamo ashoboka. Ku rundi ruhande, guswera, birashobora guhitamo byoroshye mubihe nkibi byemerera guteranya ama hosse ahantu hafunganye cyangwa ahantu hashobora kugerwaho.
Ibisabwa guhinduka nabyo biza gukina mugihe uhitamo hagati yuburyo bubiri. Porogaramu zimwe zisaba ama hose kugirango ahindurwe cyane kugirango yemere kugenda cyangwa kugunama. Kwiyuhagira, hamwe nubushobozi bwayo bwo gutanga umurongo woroshye, birashobora guhitamo guhitamo muribyo bihe. Kunyerera, nubwo bigishoboye gutanga amasano yoroheje, birashobora kugira aho bigarukira ugereranije no guswera.
Mu gusoza, guhonyora no guswera nuburyo bwombi bukoreshwa mugukora imiyoboro ya hose itekanye mu nganda zitandukanye. Crimping itanga imbaraga zirambye, zidashobora kumeneka, hamwe nubushobozi bwubushyuhe, ariko bisaba ibikoresho byihariye namahugurwa. Ku rundi ruhande, guswera, bitanga imbaraga zidasanzwe, kugaragara neza, no guhuza nibikoresho bitandukanye bya hose, ariko kandi bisaba imashini nubuhanga bwihariye. Mugihe uhisemo hagati yo gutombora no guswera, ibintu nkibiranga hose, ibisabwa mubikorwa, gutekereza kubiciro, hamwe nibisabwa hamwe nibisabwa bigomba gusuzumwa neza. Urebye ibi bintu, uburyo bukwiye burashobora guhitamo kugirango umutekano uhuze kandi wizewe.
Ikibazo: Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yo gutombora no guswera?
Igisubizo: Kuvunika nuburyo bwo guhuza ibice bibiri byibikoresho uhindura kimwe cyangwa byombi kugirango ubifate hamwe. Bikunze gukoreshwa kumazu ninsinga. Ku rundi ruhande, guswera, ni inzira yo gukora ihuza rihoraho hagati yibice bibiri byicyuma ukoresheje igitutu cyo gushushanya igice kizengurutse ikindi.
Ikibazo: Nubuhe buryo butanga uburyo bwiza bwo kumeneka kumazu yinganda?
Igisubizo: Byombi uburyo bwo guhonyora no guswera bitanga uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya imyanda yinganda. Nyamara, guhonyora mubisanzwe bifatwa nkugutanga umurongo wizewe kandi wizewe kubera ihinduka rya hose kandi bikwiranye, bikavamo kashe ikomeye.
Ikibazo: Amabati yamenetse arashobora guhinduka cyangwa gusanwa byoroshye?
Igisubizo: Amabati yamenetse ntabwo yahinduwe byoroshye cyangwa ngo asanwe. Iyo hose imaze guhonyora, ikora ihuza rihoraho hagati ya hose. Kugirango uhindure cyangwa usane shitingi yamenetse, igice cyose cyacagaguye kigomba gucibwa kandi hagomba gukenerwa gushya kuri hose.
Ikibazo: Ese guhuza amashanyarazi ya swage birahuye nubwoko bwose bwa hose?
Igisubizo: Guhuza amashanyarazi yahujwe arahujwe nubwoko butandukanye bwa hose, harimo reberi, thermoplastique, hamwe nicyuma. Nyamara, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko inzira yo guswera ikorwa neza kandi ibikoresho bikwiye bikoreshwa kugirango habeho guhuza no guhuza umutekano.
Ikibazo: Ni izihe nganda zikunze gukoresha imiyoboro ya hose?
Igisubizo: Guhuza amashanyarazi ahuriweho bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa nka hydraulic, amamodoka, ubwubatsi, ninganda. Izi nganda zishingiye ku guhuza imiyoboro ya hose kugirango ikoreshwe n’umuvuduko ukabije kandi ikeneye imiyoboro yizewe kandi idasohoka.
Ikibazo: Nigute swaging igira uruhare mukuzamura imbaraga za hose?
Igisubizo: Swage igira uruhare mukuzamura imbaraga za hose mukurema ihuza rihoraho hagati ya hose na bikwiye. Igikorwa cyo guswera gisubiramo icyuma gikwiranye na hose, gitanga umurunga ukomeye kandi utekanye. Ibi byongera imbaraga muri rusange hamwe nigihe kirekire cyinteko ya hose.
Ikibazo: Kwiyuhagira bihenze kuruta guhina mugihe kirekire?
Igisubizo: Igiciro cya swaging na crimping biterwa nibintu bitandukanye, nkubwoko bwa hose, ingano yinteko ya hose ikenewe, nibikoresho bikenerwa kuri buri buryo. Muri rusange, guswera birashobora kuba bihenze imbere kubera ibikoresho kabuhariwe bikenewe. Ariko, mugihe kirekire, swaging irashobora kubahenze cyane kuko isaba ibikoresho bike kandi ifite ibyago bike byo kumeneka cyangwa gutsindwa.
