Maonero: 970 Munyori: Saiti Edhita Nguva Yekuburitsa: 2023-08-05 Mabviro: Site
Mafittings anoita basa rakakosha mumaindasitiri akasiyana, kuve nechokwadi chekubatana kusina musono kwepombi nemachubhu. Izvi zvidiki asi zvine simba magamba ndiwo magamba asina kusimba anochengeta dzimba dzedu, mabhizinesi, uye zvivakwa zvichifamba zvakanaka. Nekudaro, hazvisi zvese zvinogadzirwa zvakasikwa zvakaenzana, uye mhando mbiri dzakakurumbira dzinowanzozviwana dziri muhondo-kune-musoro: JIC 37 degree flare uye SAE 45 degree flare fittings. Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora nyika yezvigadziriso uye tiongorore kufanana uye mutsauko pakati pevaviri ava vanokwikwidza. Iwe unoda kuziva here kuziva kuti ndeipi inonyanya kukodzera kune yako chaiyo application? Ndeipi inopa kuita zviri nani uye kuvimbika? Joinha isu patiri kuburitsa zvakavanzika kuseri kweJIC 37 degree flare uye SAE 45 degree flare fittings, uye tsvaga muhwina wekupedzisira muhondo yefittings.
Iyo flare fittings uye basa ravo mukubatanidza fluid masisitimu
Flare fittings iri pa ype yemechani yekukodzera inoshandiswa kubatanidza masisitimu emvura. Izvi zvigadziriso zvakagadzirirwa kupa hukama hwakachengeteka uye husina kuvuza pakati pepombi, machubhu, kana hose. Iyo flare fitting inosanganisira murume akakodzera, ane magumo anopisa, uye mukadzi akakodzera, ane chigaro chakaita sekoni. Kana zvinhu zviviri izvi zvabatanidzwa, magumo akatsva echirume anoiswa muchigaro chekoni chechimiro chemukadzi, achigadzira chisimbiso chakasimba.
Flare fittings inoita basa rakakosha mukuona kutendeseka kweiyo fluid masisitimu. Iwo anowanzo shandiswa mumaindasitiri akadai semotokari, aerospace, uye hydraulic system. Izvi zvinongedzo zvinozivikanwa nekuvimbika uye kusimba, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakanakira maapplication uko kusingabvire-yekubatanidzwa kwakakosha.
Sarudzo yakakodzera yekukodzera yakakosha zvakanyanya kana zvasvika pakuwana inovuza-isina kubatana. Kusarudza iyo yakaringana flare yekumisikidza inovimbisa kuti chinongedzo chinogona kumira kumanikidza uye tembiricha mamiriro eiyo fluid system. Kana iyo yekukodzera isina kukodzera kune chaiyo application, inogona kuguma nekuvuza, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kukutadza kwehurongwa, kuwedzera mari yekugadzirisa, uye njodzi dzinogona kuitika.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvekufunga nezvazvo pakusarudza mafiritsi emoto dhigirii remoto. Muchiitiko ichi, tiri kuenzanisa JIC 37 Degree Flare uye SAE 45 Degree Flare fittings. Dhigirii rinoreva kona yechigaro chakaita koni mukukwana kwemunhukadzi. Iyo JIC 37 Degree Flare fitting ine chigaro chekona ye37 degrees, nepo SAE 45 Degree Flare fitting ine chigaro che 45 degrees. Sarudzo pakati pezviviri izvi zvinongedzo zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo zveiyo fluid system.
Paunenge uchisarudza mafirita, zvakakosha kuti utarise zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana senge kudzvanywa, tembiricha, uye kuenderana. Izvi zvinhu zvinoita basa rakakosha pakuona kukodzera kwezviyereso zveimwe application.
Kudzvanya ndeimwe yeakakosha kufunga pakusarudza flare fittings. Iwo mafittings anofanirwa kukwanisa kumira nedzvinyiriro inoitwa neiyo fluid system pasina kudonha kana kutadza. Yakasiyana flare fittings ine akasiyana ekumanikidza ratings, uye zvakakosha kuti usarudze mafittings anogona kubata yakanyanya kudzvanywa system.
Tembiricha ndechimwe chinhu chinokosha chokufunga nezvacho. Flare fittings inoratidzwa kune dzakasiyana siyana tembiricha, uye dzinofanirwa kutsungirira izvi zvakanyanyisa pasina kukanganisa kuvimbika kwavo. Izvo zvakakosha kuti usarudze flare fittings inoenderana netembiricha yerudzi rweiyo fluid system kuti ive nechokwadi chekuvimbika uye kusavuza-kusina kubatana.
Kuenderana zvakare chinhu chakakosha kana zvasvika kune flare fittings. Zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa mumafittings zvinofanirwa kuenderana nemvura inotakurwa. Zvimwe zvinwiwa, zvakaita semakemikari anoparadza kana zvinwiwa zvinopisa zvakanyanya, zvinogona kuda zvinhu zvakati kuti ive nechokwadi chekuenderana uye kudzivirira kuparara kana kutadza kwezviyero.
JIC 37 degree flare fittings imhando yehydraulic fitting iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana. Izvi zvigadziriso zvakagadzirirwa kupa yakachengeteka uye inovuza-isina kubatana pakati pe hydraulic hoses uye zvikamu. Iyo JIC muJIC 37 degree flare fittings inomirira Joint Industry Council, rinova sangano rakamisa mwero wezvipfeko izvi.
JIC 37 dhigirii flare fittings akagadzirwa nemazvo uye kutarisisa kune zvakadzama. Iwo anosanganisira murume nemukadzi anokodzera, imwe neimwe ine 37 degree flare pamagumo. Mukono wemukono une shinda dzekunze, ukuwo mukadzi ane shinda dzemukati. Kana izvi zvigadziriso zvabatanidzwa, iyo inoputika inopera inogadzira chisimbiso chakasimba chinodzivirira kuvuza.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zveJIC 37 degree flare fittings ndiko kuita kwavo kwakasiyana-siyana. Anogona kushandiswa nemhando dzakasiyana dze hydraulic hoses, senge rabha, thermoplastic, uye PTFE hoses. Izvi zvinovaita kuti vakwanise kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana mumaindasitiri akadai seaerospace, mota, zvekurima, uye kuvaka.
Kune akati wandei mabhenefiti uye mabhenefiti ekushandisa JIC 37 degree flare fittings. Chekutanga, dhizaini yavo inobvumira kuisirwa nyore uye kubviswa. Iyo inopfuta inopera inoita kuti zvive nyore kubatanidza uye kubvisa hoses pasina kudiwa kwezvishandiso zvine hunyanzvi. Izvi zvinochengetedza nguva uye kushanda nesimba, kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kugadzirisa nguva dzose kana kugadzirisa kunodiwa.
Kechipiri, JIC 37 degree flare fittings inopa yakavimbika uye inovuza-isina kubatana. Migumo yakatsva inogadzira chisimbiso chesimbi-kune-simbi chinoshingirira kuzunguzika uye kudzvanywa. Izvi zvinovimbisa kuti hydraulic systems inoshanda zvakanaka uye zvinobudirira, pasina njodzi yekubuda kwemvura. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha mumashandisirwo akakosha uko kunyangwe kudonha kudiki kunogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko makuru.
Imwe mukana weJIC 37 degree flare fittings ndeyekugara kwavo. Izvi zvinogadzirwa nemhando yepamusoro-soro, zvakadai sesimbi isina tsvina kana ndarira, iyo inozivikanwa nokuda kwesimba rayo uye kusagadzikana kwekuora. Izvi zvinovabvumira kutsungirira mamiriro ekushanda akaoma uye kuchengetedza kushanda kwavo nekufamba kwenguva. Pamusoro pezvo, JIC 37 degree flare fittings inoenderana nehuwandu hwemvura, zvinosanganisira hydraulic oiri, mvura, uye makemikari, zvichiwedzera kusimudzira kugona kwavo.
JIC 37 degree flare fittings inowanzoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzekushandisa uye maindasitiri. Muindasitiri yemotokari, anowanzo kuwanikwa mumabhureki masisitimu, masisitimu emafuta, uye masisitimu ekutungamirira magetsi. Kubatana kwavo kwakavimbika uye kusina kuvuza kunovimbisa kushanda kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka kwezvinhu izvi zvakakosha.
Muindasitiri yemuchadenga, JIC 37 degree flare fittings inoshandiswa mumahydraulic masisitimu endege. Aya masisitimu anoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza kutendeseka kweiyo hydraulic fluid uye nekuona kushanda kwakaringana kweakasiyana masisitimu endege, anosanganisira kumhara, nzvimbo dzekudzora ndege, uye mabhureki masisitimu.
JIC 37 degree flare fittings zvakare inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muchikamu chekurima. Ivo vanogona kuwanikwa mune hydraulic masisitimu ematirakita, anosanganisa, uye mimwe michina yekurima. Kugara uye kuvimbika kwezvishongedzo izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakanyatsokodzera mamiriro anodiwa anowanzo sangana mumashandisirwo ekurima.
Uyezve, JIC 37 degree flare fittings inowanzo shandiswa mumidziyo yekuvaka, michina yemaindasitiri, uye zvikumbiro zvemugungwa. Kuita kwavo kwakasiyana-siyana uye kugona kumirisana nedzvinyiriro huru uye nharaunda dzakaomarara dzinovaita sarudzo inosarudzika mumaindasitiri aya.
SAE 45 dhigirii flare fittings inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana kune avo akavimbika uye akachengeteka kubatana. Izvi zvigadziriso zvakagadzirirwa kupa chisimbiso chakasimba pakati pekukodzera uye tubing, kuve nechokwadi chekuvuza-isina kuita. Iyo SAE 45 degree flare fittings inoratidzira flare pa45-degree angle, iyo inobvumira kuisirwa nekubvisa nyore. Izvi zvigadziriso zvinowanzo shandiswa mu hydraulic system, mitsara yemafuta, uye air conditioning masisitimu, pakati pevamwe.
SAE 45 dhigirii flare fittings akagadzirwa nemazvo uye kusimba mupfungwa. Izvo zvigadziro zvine koni-yakaita flare pamagumo, iyo inofanana nechimiro chechigaro chemoto mune inopindirana. Iyi dhizaini inobvumira simbi-kune-simbi kuonana, kugadzira yakavimbika uye isina-inodonhedza kubatana. Izvo zvinosungirirwa zvinowanzogadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro senge ndarira kana simbi isina tsvina, kuve nechokwadi chekuramba kwavo mukuora uye kupfeka.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zveSAE 45 degree flare fittings ndiko kuve nyore kwavo kuisirwa. Iyo flare pane yekukodzera inobvumira nzira yakapusa uye yakatwasuka yegungano. Iyo tubing inopinzwa mufitting kusvika yabuda pakatarisana nechigaro cheflare, uye ipapo flare nut inosimbiswa kuchengetedza kubatana. Iyi dhizaini inobvisa kudiwa kwezvishandiso zvakakosha kana maitiro akaomarara, zvichiita kuti SAE 45 degree flare fittings ive sarudzo yakakurumbira pakati penyanzvi uye DIY vanofarira zvakafanana.
Kune akati wandei mabhenefiti uye mabhenefiti ekushandisa SAE 45 degree flare fittings. Chekutanga, izvi zvigadziriso zvinopa yakavimbika uye inovuza-yemahara yekubatanidza. Kubatana kwesimbi-kune-simbi pakati pemoto uye chigaro chemoto kunovimbisa chisimbiso chakasimba, kudzivirira chero mvura kana gasi kutiza. Izvi zvakakosha mumashandisirwo apo kuvuza kunogona kukonzera kukuvadza kunodhura kana njodzi yekuchengetedza.
Kechipiri, SAE 45 dhigirii flare fittings inopa yakanakisa kuramba vibration. Iyo flare dhizaini uye yakachengeteka yekubatanidza inopihwa neiyo flare nut inovimbisa kuti mafirita anogona kumira kuzunguzika pasina kusunungura kana kukanganisa chisimbiso. Izvi zvinoita kuti dzive dzakanakira kushandiswa mumotokari uye maindasitiri maapplication uko vibrations kwakajairika.
Imwe bhenefiti yeSAE 45 degree flare fittings ndeyekuita kwavo kwakasiyana-siyana. Aya mafittings anogona kushandiswa neakasiyana siyana emidziyo yetubing, zvinosanganisira mhangura, simbi, uye aluminium. Uku kuchinjika kunobvumira kubatanidzwa nyore mumasisitimu akasiyana uye maapplication. Pamusoro pezvo, SAE 45 degree flare fittings inowanikwa muhukuru hwakasiyana uye masisitimu, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune zvakasiyana zvinodiwa uye zvakatemwa.
SAE 45 degree flare fittings inowana kushandiswa kwakakura mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana uye maapplication. Muindasitiri yemotokari, zvigadziriso izvi zvinowanzo shandiswa mumitsara yemafuta, mabhureki masisitimu, uye masisitimu emagetsi. Kuita kwavo kwemahara uye kuramba kuzunguzika kunovaita sarudzo yakanaka kune aya akakosha maapplication.
Muindasitiri yemuchadenga, SAE 45 degree flare fittings inoshandiswa muhydraulic system uye mitsara yemafuta. Kubatana kwakavimbika uye kwakachengeteka kunopiwa neaya mafittings kwakakosha pakuchengetedza uye kushanda zvakanaka kwendege.
SAE 45 degree flare fittings zvakare inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri ekushandisa senge hydraulic muchina, pneumatic system, uye mafiriji masisitimu. Kuita kwavo kwakasiyana-siyana uye kuenderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana zvemachubhu zvinoita kuti ive sarudzo yakasarudzika mumaindasitiri aya.
Kana zvasvika kune hydraulic fittings, mbiri dzakakurumbira sarudzo dzinowanzo kuuya muhurukuro JIC 37 degree flare fittings uye SAE 45 degree flare fittings. Aya mafirita anoita basa rakakosha mukubatanidza hydraulic hoses uye machubhu, kuve nechokwadi chekubatana kwakachengeteka uye kusina kuvuza. Nepo zvese zviri zviviri zvinobatira chinangwa chimwe chete, pane misiyano inocherechedzwa mukugadzira uye kuvaka kwavo.
Imwe yemusiyano wakakosha pakati peJIC 37 dhigirii flare fittings uye SAE 45 dhigirii flare fittings iri mumakona painoumbwa. JIC 37 degree flare fittings, sekureva kunoita zita, ine flare angle ye37 degrees. Kune rimwe divi, SAE 45 degree flare fittings ine flare angle ye45 degrees. Uku kusiyana kwemakona kunokanganisa nzira iyo mafittings anobatana.
Iyo 37 dhigirii flare angle yeJIC fittings inopa yakakura pamusoro penzvimbo yekubatana pakati peiyo fitting uye flare, zvichikonzera kubatana kwakasimba uye kwakachengeteka. Iyi dhizaini inobatsira kugovera kudzvanywa zvakaenzana, kuderedza mikana yekudonha kana kutadza. Kusiyana neizvi, iyo 45 degree flare angle yeSAE fittings inopa kuita zvishoma nezvishoma, izvo zvinogona kubatsira mune mamwe maapplication panodiwa kushomeka kwehukasha.
Chimwe chinhu icho JIC 37 dhigirii flare fittings uye SAE 45 dhigirii flare fittings inosiyana iri mumhando dzadzo dzeshinda uye nzira dzekuisa chisimbiso. JIC zvigadziriso zvinowanzo shandisa murume nemukadzi kubatana netambo dzakatwasuka. Idzi shinda dzinozivikanwa seUNF (Unified National Fine) shinda uye dzinowanzo shandiswa mu hydraulic systems. Iyo yekuisa chisimbiso mune JIC fittings inotsamira pane simbi-kune-simbi kuonana pakati peiyo flare uye yakakodzera, kuve nechokwadi chisimbiso chakavimbika.
Kusiyana neizvi, SAE 45 degree flare fittings inoshandisa imwe shinda yemhando inozivikanwa seNPT (National Pipe Taper). NPT tambo dzakatepwa, zvichibvumira chisimbiso chakasimba sezvo kusungirirwa kunosimbiswa. Iyi dhizaini inonyanya kushanda mumashandisirwo apo kukwirira kwechisimbiso kunodiwa. Iyo yekuisa chisimbiso mune SAE fittings inowanikwa nekutsikirira kwesimbi-kune-simbi koni inopesana nemoto, ichigadzira inovuza-proof yekubatanidza.
Dhizaini uye misiyano yekuvaka pakati peJIC 37 degree flare fittings uye SAE 45 degree flare fittings zvine zvazvinoreva pakuita kwavo, kuisa, uye kugadzirisa. Iyo 37 dhigirii flare angle yeJIC fittings, yakasanganiswa nesimbi-kune-simbi yekubata, inopa yakanakisa kuramba kuzunguza uye kushushikana kwemagetsi. Izvi zvinoita kuti JIC fittings ikwane kune yakakwirira-kudzvanywa maapplication uye nharaunda uko kune njodzi yekufamba kana vibrations.
SAE 45 dhigirii flare fittings, ine tapered NPT tambo uye cone yekuisa chisimbiso michina, inokunda mukushandisa zvinoda mwero wepamusoro wekusunga chisimbiso. Tapered shinda dzinogadzira chisimbiso chakasimba, zvichideredza mikana yekudonha. Izvi zvinoita kuti SAE fittings ikwane kune zvikumbiro uko kuvuza kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaoma, senge muma hydraulic masisitimu anobata mvura ine njodzi kana magasi.
Nepo zvese zviri zviviri JIC 37 dhigirii flare fittings uye SAE 45 dhigirii flare fittings vane zvawo zvakanakira, mamwe mamiriro angangoda kushandiswa kweimwe mhando pamusoro peimwe. Semuyenzaniso, mumashandisirwo ayo akanyanya-kudzvanya uye kuramba vibration kwakakosha, JIC fittings inowanzofarirwa. Dhizaini yavo yakasimba uye simbi-kune-simbi yekubata inovimbisa kubatana kwakachengeteka kunogona kumirisana nezvinodiwa.
Nekune rimwe divi, mamiriro ezvinhu anoda mwero wepamusoro wekusimbisa kutendeseka anogona kubvumidza kushandiswa kweSAE 45 degree flare fittings. Iyo tapered NPT tambo uye koni yekuisa chisimbiso chinopa yakavimbika uye inovuza-chiratidzo chekubatanidza, ichivaita chakakodzera kune yakakosha maapplication uko kuvuza kunogona kutungamira kunjodzi dzekuchengetedza kana kutadza kwehurongwa.
Mukupedzisa, chinyorwa ichi chinosimbisa kukosha kwekunzwisisa flare fittings uye basa ravo mukubatanidza masisitimu emvura. Inotaridza kudiwa kwesarudzo yakakodzera yakavakirwa pazvinhu zvakaita sekudzvanywa, tembiricha, uye kuenderana kuti ive nechokwadi chekubatanidza-isina kuvuza. Chinyorwa chinokurukura JIC 37 dhigirii flare fittings uye SAE 45 dhigirii flare fittings, vachiratidza kuvimbika kwavo uye kuita kwakasiyana-siyana mukupa hukama hwakachengeteka hwekushandisa kwakasiyana uye maindasitiri. Inofananidzawo mutsauko wemakona, mhando dzeshinda, uye nzira dzekuisa chisimbiso pakati pezviviri izvi, ichisimbisa kukosha kwekusarudza iyo yakanyatsokodzera yakakodzera kune chaiyo application zvinodiwa. Pakazere, zvese JIC 37 degree flare fittings uye SAE 45 degree flare fittings zvinopa mhinduro dzakavimbika dzekubatanidza hydraulic hoses nemachubhu.
Mubvunzo: Ndeupi misiyano mikuru pakati peJIC 37 dhigirii flare uye SAE 45 dhigirii flare fittings?
A: Musiyano mukuru pakati peJIC 37 dhigirii flare uye SAE 45 dhigirii flare fittings ndiyo kona yemoto. JIC 37 degree flare fittings ine flare angle ye37 degrees, ukuwo SAE 45 degree flare fittings ine flare angle ye45 degrees. Uyu mutsauko mumakona unokanganisa kuvharika uye kumanikidza kugona kweiyo fittings.
Mubvunzo: Ko JIC 37 degree flare fittings inogona kushandiswa zvakasiyana neSAE 45 degree flare fittings?
A: Kwete, JIC 37 degree flare fittings uye SAE 45 degree flare fittings hazvichinjike. Musiyano we flare angle unoreva kuti marudzi maviri ezvigadziriso ane nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekuisa chisimbiso uye zviyero. Kuedza kuzvishandisa nenzira dzakasiyana kunogona kukonzera kuvuza, kuiswa chisimbiso kusiri iko, uye kutadza kwehurongwa.
Mubvunzo: Pane here maindasitiri chaiwo kana maapplication apo imwe mhando yekukodzera inosarudzwa pane imwe?
A: Zvose JIC 37 dhigirii flare fittings uye SAE 45 dhigirii flare fittings anowanzo shandiswa mu hydraulic systems. Nekudaro, JIC 37 degree flare fittings inonyanya kuwanikwa mumaindasitiri ekushandisa, nepo SAE 45 degree flare fittings inowanzo shandiswa mumaindasitiri emotokari uye ekufambisa. Sarudzo yekukodzera zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa uye zviyero zveindasitiri kana application.
Q: Ndinoona sei iyo yakakodzera flare yakakodzera sisitimu yangu?
A: Kuti uone iyo yakakodzera flare inokodzera sisitimu yako, iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezvezvinhu zvakaita sekumanikidza system, tembiricha, kuenderana kwemvura, uye saizi yakakodzera. Izvo zvakakosha kuti utarise indasitiri zviyero uye nhungamiro, pamwe nekubvunzana nenyanzvi kana vagadziri, kuti uve nechokwadi chekukodzera kwakasarudzwa kune yako chaiyo system zvinodiwa.
Mubvunzo: Ndezvipi zvinhu zvandinofanira kufunga nezvazvo pakusarudza pakati peJIC 37 degree flare uye SAE 45 degree flare fittings?
A: Pakusarudza pakati peJIC 37 dhigirii flare uye SAE 45 dhigirii flare fittings, zvinhu zvekufunga zvinosanganisira indasitiri zviyero uye zvakatemwa, zvinodiwa nehurongwa, kudzvanywa uye kuyerwa kwetembiricha, kugarisana kwemvura, uye kuwanikwa kwezvigadziriso. Izvo zvakakosha kuti usarudze iyo yakakodzera inosangana nezvinodiwa chaizvo zvesystem yako uye inova nechokwadi chekuisa chisimbiso nekuita kwakaringana.
Mubvunzo: Pane here nyaya dzekuenderana pakati pemhando mbiri idzi dzemafita?
A: Hongu, pane nyaya dzekuenderana pakati peJIC 37 degree flare fittings uye SAE 45 degree flare fittings. Musiyano weflare angle unoreva kuti zvigadziriso zvine nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekuisa chisimbiso uye zviyero, zvichiita kuti dzisapindirane. Kuedza kubatanidza aya marudzi maviri ezvigadziriso zvinogona kukonzera kuvuza uye kutadza kwehurongwa.
Q: Ndeapi mamwe maitiro akanakisa ekuisa nekuchengetedza mafiritsi emoto?
A: Mamwe maitiro akanakisa ekuisa nekuchengetedza mafirita emoto anosanganisira kuona kurongeka kwakaringana kwezvimisikidzo zvemoto, kushandisa hunhu hwakakodzera hwetorque panguva yekuisa, kuongorora uye kutsiva dzakasakara kana dzakakuvadzwa, kushandisa zvinhu zvinoenderana nemafuta ekuzora, uye kutevedzera indasitiri zviyero uye nhungamiro. Kugara uchiongorora uye kuchengetedzwa kwefitfittings kwakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekushanda kwavo kwakanaka uye kudzivirira kuvuza kana kutadza.
