Reba: 115 Umwanditsi: Muhinduzi wurubuga Gutangaza Igihe: 2024-01-09 Inkomoko: Urubuga
Iyo bigeze ku isi igoye ya hose hamwe na fitingi, ubwoko bwubwoko butandukanye burashobora kuba bwinshi. Ninkaho guhagarara mumurongo wa spiral, buriwese hamwe numwanya wihariye hamwe nubujyakuzimu, ukibaza inzira iganisha muburyo bwiza. Muri iyi ngingo, Nejejwe no guhishura ibanga ryizi nsanganyamatsiko kuri wewe. Tuzatangirana nintangiriro yibanze kubyo insanganyamatsiko aribyo - ibyo byingenzi bya spiral shobora gukora nuts, bolts, hamwe nibikoresho bikora mumashini atabarika nibintu bya buri munsi.
Muri uru rugendo, tuzasesengura ubwoko bwingenzi bwinsanganyamatsiko, nka BSPP, UN / UNF, hamwe nuburinganire bwa metric parallel, hanyuma twinjire mwisi yudodo twafashe, harimo metric tapered, BSPT, na NPT / NPTF. Gusobanukirwa ibi bizagufasha guhitamo ikiguzi cyiza kandi gikwiye, kwemeza kwizerwa no gukumira imikorere mibi mumishinga yawe. Noneho, reka dutangire kuriyi nsanganyamatsiko yibitekerezo hanyuma tumenye neza ibyo ukeneye!
Iyo tuvuze ku nsanganyamatsiko, tuba tuvuze imiterere ihindagurika ikoreshwa muguhinduranya kuzenguruka no kugendana umurongo cyangwa imbaraga. Insanganyamatsiko ziri hose! Reba imiyoboro ifata ameza yawe, umupfundikizo ku icupa ryamazi, cyangwa itara ryaka mumatara yawe. Bose bashingira kumutwe kugirango bagume mumwanya kandi bakora neza.
Urudodo ni uruzitiro rukomeza ruzenguruka hejuru ya silindrike cyangwa conical. Igishushanyo cyemerera ibice guhuzwa hamwe mumutekano. Tekereza ingazi izenguruka izengurutse inkingi - niko urudodo rusa ku mugozi cyangwa kuri bolt.
Insanganyamatsiko ningirakamaro kuko zikoreshwa mubikorwa bitabarika bigira ingaruka mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi. Nintwari mu gicucu, bareba neza ko ibintu bidasenyuka. Dore impamvu ari ngombwa:
Gufata Ibintu hamwe : Kuva mubikoresho kugeza kumashini, insinga zikoreshwa mugufatisha urudodo nka screw na bolts kugirango ibice bigumane neza.
: Kugenzura ibicurane Mu nganda zikoresha ingufu z’amazi , insinga zemeza ko imiyoboro hamwe n’imiyoboro idasohoka, ari ngombwa kuri sisitemu zitwara amazi, amavuta, cyangwa gaze.
l Icyitonderwa mubikoresho : Mubikoresho bisobanutse neza, nko mubikoresho byubuvuzi, ubwinshi bwingero zingero zingirakamaro kugirango imikorere ikwiye n'umutekano.
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwinsanganyamatsiko , buriwese hamwe nibisabwa byihariye nibiranga. Dore bike:
l Imiyoboro y'Abanyamerika : Ibi bikoreshwa muri Amerika ya ruguru mugushiraho imiyoboro ihuza imiyoboro .
l SAE Ingingo Zihuriweho : Igipimo cyurudodo rusanzwe rukoreshwa mubikorwa byimodoka.
lIbipimo bya ISO Metricike : Urwego rwibipimo ngenderwaho bikoreshwa cyane mumahanga.
Kugirango umenye urudodo , uzakenera kumenya ibipimo bike byingenzi:
l Diameter Nkuru : nini yinyuma Diameter wumugabo yumutwe .
l Diameter Ntoya : Diameter ntoya, iboneka hepfo yumutwe.
l Diameter ya Pitch : Iyi ni diameter ya silinderi itekereza inyura wumugozi wumugabo mumutwe nigitereko cyurudodo rwumugore ..
Kumenyekanisha insanganyamatsiko birashobora kuba ingorabahizi, ariko ibikoresho nkibipimo byerekana birashobora gufasha. Iki gikoresho gipima ikibanza cyurudodo , arirwo intera kuva kumurongo umwe kugeza kurindi mu ndege ya axial.
Ibipimo bya geometrike yumurongo bisobanura imbaraga n'imikorere. Ibiranga insanganyamatsiko nkurunani rwinyo hamwe nigitereko cyurudodo byerekana uburyo urudodo ruzaba rufashe nimbaraga zishobora kwihanganira. Kurugero, umugozi wikubye kabiri uzatera imbere inshuro ebyiri byihuse nkumugozi umwe wumugozi kuri buri kuzunguruka, utanga inyungu yubukanishi.
l Urudodo ruringaniye hamwe nudupapuro twafashwe ni ibyiciro bibiri byingenzi. Utudodo tubangikanye tugumana diameter imwe mugihe cyose, mugihe insinga zapanze zigabanuka, zifasha mukurema kashe zikomeye.
l Iburyo bwiburyo bwiburyo nibisanzwe, aho guhindukirira isaha bikomeza umurongo. Ibumoso-Ukuboko Kudasanzwe ntibisanzwe kandi bigakomera muburyo bunyuranye.
Gusobanukirwa insanganyamatsiko nibipimo bya geometrike ni ngombwa kuko aribice byubaka byinshi bidukikije. Kuva gufata hamwe ibikinisho byumwana kugeza kurinda umutekano windege, insanganyamatsiko zigira uruhare runini kwisi yacu. Mugihe twinjiye muburyo bwihariye bwo gushushanya urudodo , ibuka ko utuzingo duto duto dufite imbaraga mubyingenzi.
Mugihe muganira kubwoko bwinsanganyamatsiko , ni ngombwa kumva imikorere yabo yibanze.
Gushiraho insinga zikoreshwa muburyo bwo kurinda ibice hamwe. Tekereza imiyoboro iri kuri mudasobwa; zagenewe gufata ibice mu mwanya.
Ku rundi ruhande, insanganyamatsiko zohereza , ni ntangarugero muri sisitemu yohereza imbaraga. Izi nsanganyamatsiko ziboneka mumashanyarazi ya mashini, aho geometrie yabo ituma ihinduka ryimikorere igenda kumurongo.
Inzira zo gutwara abantu ziratandukanye. Bafite uruhare runini mu nganda zitanga ingufu . Izi nsanganyamatsiko zagenewe gukora kashe mu miyoboro no mu miyoboro ya tube , kugira ngo itwarwe neza kandi neza ya flux cyangwa gaze. Buri bwoko bwurudodo bwakozwe kubwintego yihariye, kandi kumenyekanisha urudodo ningirakamaro mubisabwa kugirango habeho guhuza n'imikorere.
Imitwe irashobora gushyirwa mubice nkiburyo bwiburyo (RH) cyangwa Ibumoso-Ukuboko (LH) . Itandukaniro riroroshye ariko ni ngombwa. RH insanganyamatsiko ikomera ku isaha, nicyerekezo gisanzwe kubantu benshi bifunga . Hafi ya buri screw cyangwa bolt uhuye nayo ishobora kuba ifite umugozi wa RH. LH insanganyamatsiko , kurundi ruhande, komeza amasaha yo kugana kandi ntibisanzwe. Zikoreshwa mubihe imbaraga zo kuzunguruka zishobora gutera umugozi wa RH kurekura, nko kuruhande rwibumoso bwa pedal.
l Iburyo bwiburyo :
Komeza amasaha
Byinshi mu byerekezo bya porogaramu
l Ibumoso-Ibumoso :
y'isahaKomeza amasaha
Porogaramu zidasanzwe zo kwirinda kurekura
Imiyoboro y'imiyoboro ije muburyo bubiri bwingenzi: urudodo rufunze hamwe nu murongo . uringaniye Urudodo rufunitse , nka National Taper Pipe (NPT) , rwashizweho kugirango rukore kashe nudodo ubwabo. Nkuko imigozi yumugabo nigitsina gore ikomejwe, ikora kashe kubera kwivanga bikwiye. Ibi bituma biba byiza mubisabwa birimo gaze cyangwa amavuta munsi yigitutu.
Utudodo tubangikanye , nk'Ubwongereza Bwuzuye Umuyoboro Uhwanye (BSPP) , bisaba umukozi wo gufunga kashe, nk'uwamesa cyangwa O-impeta, kugirango habeho guhuza amazi. Bakunze gukoreshwa mubisabwa byumuvuduko wo hasi kandi aho ihuza rishobora gukenera guterana no gusenywa kenshi.
l Inyandiko zanditseho :
Ipe Umuyoboro w'igihugu (NPT)
Gufunga byagezweho binyuze mumutwe
Ikoreshwa muri sisitemu yumuvuduko mwinshi
l Ingingo zibangikanye :
¡ Umuyoboro usanzwe w’Ubwongereza ugereranije (BSPP)
Irasaba ibikoresho byongeweho kashe
Birakwiye guterana kenshi / gusenya
kandi Ingano yubunini ifite akamaro ni ngombwa kwerekana ubwoko bwurudodo neza kugirango tumenye ubusugire bwihuza. Haba gukorana nu miyoboro y'Abanyamerika , SAE Ingingo Zihuriweho , cyangwa Urwego Metric ISO , inzira yukuri yo kumenya irahambaye. Ibikoresho nkibipimo byapima na Caliper birashobora gufasha muriki gikorwa, byubahiriza ibipimo nganda byerekana imiterere yubunini bwizina kandi byemeza neza igishushanyo mbonera cya porogaramu.
ISO metric thread, bakunze kwita M , ni ubwoko bwurudodo rusange . Ikoreshwa kwisi yose, ni urudodo rusanzwe kubikorwa rusange. Ikibanza cya diametre na diameter nini nibintu byingenzi biranga iyi nsanganyamatsiko Ubwoko bwa . Metricike burakunzwe kubera ubworoherane no koroshya kumenyekanisha urudodo.
Ibisabwa birimo: - Imashini - Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga - Ibicuruzwa byabaguzi
Urudodo rwibipimo rutanga impirimbanyi zingirakamaro kandi zihindagurika, bigatuma ziba imwe muburyo bwingenzi bwingirakamaro mubikorwa.
ISO metric nziza , cyangwa MF , itandukanye numutwe M usanzwe mukibuga cyayo . Ikibuga ni cyiza, bivuze ko insinga zegeranye hamwe. Ibisubizo mubisobanuro bihanitse kubara kuburebure. Urudodo rwiza rutanga uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura kandi nibyiza kubisabwa aho bikenewe cyane.
Itandukaniro ryingenzi ririmo: - Ikibanza gito - Ingano yumutwe - Imbaraga nini mubyobo byafashwe
Ibipimo byiza byifashishwa mubikorwa byamazi yingufu no mubikorwa bisaba guhinduka neza.
Umuyoboro wicyuma , uzwi nka Pg , ufite amateka. Yatangiriye mu Budage kandi yakoreshwaga cyane mu Burayi mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi. Uyu munsi, insanganyamatsiko ya Pg ifite porogaramu zihariye munganda zamashanyarazi, zitanga umutekano wizewe kandi wizewe.
Imikoreshereze ya none irimo: - Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi - Sisitemu y'imiyoboro - Ibikoresho
Nubwo izamuka butandukanye bwinsanganyamatsiko ryubwoko , Pg ikomeza kuba ingirakamaro kubera amahame yinganda na sisitemu yumurage.
Urudodo rwa Trapezoidal , rwagenwe nka Tr , rurangwa nimiterere yinyo ya trapezoidal. Igishushanyo gitanga inyungu zikomeye zubukanishi , bigatuma gikwiranye n'imizigo iremereye hamwe n'amashanyarazi ya mashini.
Imikorere irimo: - Ihererekanyabubasha - Guhindura ingendo kuva kumurongo kugeza kumurongo - Koresha muri vis na jack
Urudodo rwa trapezoidal nubwoko busanzwe muburyo bwo gukora sisitemu yo gutwara. Uburinganire bwa geometrie butuma ikwirakwizwa ryimitwaro ahantu hanini, byongera umurongo uramba hamwe nigihe cyo kubaho.
Muri iki gice cyose, twakoze ku bwoko bwa ISO nkurugero rwa ISO urudodo , ISO metric nziza , nibindi. Nibyingenzi kugena urudodo neza kubigenewe gukoreshwa, nkubunini bwurudodo . Ibikoresho nkibipimo bipima na Caliper ni ntagereranywa kubikorwa byo kumenyekanisha urudodo , byemeza guhuza no gukora mubice bifatanye.
Iyo tuvuze ubwoko bwinsanganyamatsiko zabanyamerika , Unified National Coarse Thread , cyangwa UNC , nimwe mubwoko bwingenzi . Nibisanzwe bisobanura imiterere ihindagurika kumutwe . UNC muri izwiho ikibuga cyagutse kuruta ubundi bwoko, bigatuma ikoreshwa rusange mubikoresho bitandukanye. Ingano yumutwe ifite akamaro hano, kandi igishushanyo cya UNC ituma bidashoboka guhuza umurongo kandi byoroshye kubyitwaramo.
Kurundi ruhande, Ihuriro ryigihugu ryiza cyangwa UNF rifite diameter ntoya . Ibi bivuze ko insanganyamatsiko zegeranye hamwe. UNF ikoreshwa kenshi mugihe hakenewe urwego rwo hejuru rwimbaraga nukuri. Birasanzwe mubikorwa byamazi yingufu kuko nziza insinga zitanga umutekano muke kandi zikomeye. Nibyingenzi gutondekanya umurongo witonze mugihe ukorana na UNF kugirango umenye neza imikorere.
Ihuriro ry’igihugu ryihariye cyangwa UNS nubundi bwoko bwabanyamerika bugaragara bitewe nuburyo bwihariye bwihariye. UNS ntabwo isanzwe nka UNC cyangwa UNF , yemerera gutandukana mukibanza cyumurongo na diameter. Ihinduka rituma UNS ijya kuri progaramu yihariye aho ingano yimitwe isanzwe idahagije. Kumenyekanisha insanganyamatsiko kuri UNS bisaba ibipimo nyabyo, akenshi ukoresheje igipimo cyerekana cyangwa caliper.
| Ingano ya Dash (Ingano ya Nominal) | Urudodo | Ikibanza cyumugabo OD mm | Urudodo rwumugabo OD inches | Umugore ID ID mm mm | Umugore ID ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -02 (1/8) | 27 | 10.3 | 0.41 | 9.4 | 0.37 |
| -04 (1/4) | 18 | 13.7 | 0.54 | 12.4 | 0.49 |
| -06 (3/8) | 18 | 17.3 | 0.68 | 15.7 | 0.62 |
| -08 (1/2) | 14 | 21.3 | 0.84 | 19.3 | 0.76 |
| -10 (5/8) | 14 | 22.9 | 0.90 | 21.1 | 0.83 |
| -12 (3/4) | 14 | 26.9 | 1.06 | 24.9 | 0.98 |
| -16 (1) | 11½ | 33.3 | 1.31 | 31.5 | 1.24 |
| -20 (1 ¼) | 11½ | 42.2 | 1.66 | 40.1 | 1.58 |
| -24 (1 ½) | 11½ | 48.3 | 1.90 | 46.2 | 1.82 |
| -32 (2) | 11½ | 60.4 | 2.38 | 57.9 | 2.29 |
** OD = Hanze ya Diameter ID = Imbere ya Diameter
Kwimukira kumutwe wumunyamerika , Imiyoboro yigihugu ya Taper ningirakamaro. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi: NPT na NPTF . Byombi bifunze ubwoko bwurudodo bivuze ko bikora kashe nkuko bikomye. NPT , cyangwa Umuyoboro wigihugu wa Taper , birasanzwe kandi bisaba ibikoresho byongeweho kashe. NPTF , cyangwa National Taper Pipe Dryseal , yagenewe gukora kashe ifunze nta bikoresho byongeweho. NPT na NPTF nibyingenzi mubikorwa byamazi yingufu zamashanyarazi ya ya hose , fitingi , hamwe nuyoboro . Igipapuro cyerekana igipimo nigikoresho cyingenzi muburyo bwo kumenya urudodo muri sisitemu ya NPT na NPTF .
Gusobanukirwa nubwoko bwimitwe yabanyamerika nibyingenzi kubanyamwuga mu nganda nyinshi. SAE Imitwe ihuriweho , harimo UNC , UNF , na UNS , hamwe na NPT na NPTF , bigira uruhare runini mugushinga imigozi ifatanye kandi ihuza . Kumenyekanisha neza urudodo rwemeza ko ibice bihuye neza kandi bikora nkuko byateganijwe.
Ubwongereza Standard Whitworth Coarse (BSW) , bakunze kwita WW kuri Whitworth, ni umwirondoro wamateka ufite amateka akomeye. Nibwo buryo bwa mbere ku isi bwa sisitemu y’imigozi ya screw , yateguwe na Joseph Whitworth mu 1841.Igishushanyo cyabaye impinduramatwara, gishyiraho urwego rwizirika imigozi mu bwami bw’Ubwongereza ndetse no hanze yarwo. Urudodo rwa Whitworth rwabaye bumwe muburyo bwingenzi bwurudodo , rwaranzwe nurwego rwa dogere 55 zinguni hamwe nuruziga ruzengurutse imizi. Sisitemu yamateka yamateka yashyizeho urufatiro rwubwoko bwinshi busanzwe tubona uyumunsi.
Kwimukira mubwongereza Bwiza (BSF) , ubu bwoko bwinsanganyamatsiko ni verisiyo nziza ya BSW. Hamwe gito n'ikibanza , arirwo intera iri hagati yinyuzi zegeranye , BSF yatejwe imbere kugirango itange urwego rwisumbuyeho rwukuri nimbaraga mumikorere aho ingano yumutwe ifite akamaro . ikomeza Diameter nyamukuru kuba imwe na BSW, ariko ikibanza cyiza cyemerera insanganyamatsiko nyinshi kuri santimetero imwe, ibyo bikaba bisobanuye neza, bifite umutekano. BSF ikoreshwa kenshi munganda zitwara ibinyabiziga, aho urufunguzo ari urufunguzo.
| Ingano ya Dash (Ingano ya Nominal) | Urudodo Ikibanza | Umugabo Urudodo OD mm | Umugabo Urudodo OD inches | Umugore ID ID mm mm | Urudodo rw'umugore |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -02 (1/8) | 28 | 9.7 | 0.38 | 8.9 | 0.35 |
| -04 (1/4) | 19 | 13.2 | 0.52 | 11.9 | 0.47 |
| -06 (3/8) | 19 | 16.5 | 0.65 | 15.2 | 0.60 |
| -08 (1/2) | 14 | 20.8 | 0.82 | 19.1 | 0.75 |
| -10 (5/8) | 14 | 22.4 | 0.88 | 20.3 | 0.80 |
| -12 (3/4) | 14 | 26.4 | 1.04 | 24.6 | 0.97 |
| -16 (1) | 11 | 33.0 | 1.30 | 31.0 | 1.22 |
| -20 (1 ¼) | 11 | 41.9 | 1.65 | 39.6 | 1.56 |
| -24 (1 ½) | 11 | 47.8 | 1.88 | 45.5 | 1.79 |
| -32 (2) | 11 | 59.7 | 2.35 | 57.4 | 2.26 |
Umuyoboro w’Ubwongereza (BSP) , uzwi kandi ku izina rya G , ni ubwoko bw’urudodo rusanzwe rukoreshwa mu nganda z’amazi . Bitandukanye nududodo twa taper, insanganyamatsiko ya BSP igumana diameter imwe kuva kumpera kugeza ku iherezo, bigatuma ibangikanye . Igishushanyo ningirakamaro kubikoresho bya hose hamwe na fitingi ya tube , aho kashe ihamye. bikenewe BSP ikunze kugereranwa nu nsanganyamatsiko zo muri Amerika , ariko ntizishobora guhinduka kubera itandukaniro ryimiterere yumutwe.
| Ingano ya BSP Ingano | Hanze ya Diameter | TPI |
|---|---|---|
| 1/16 Inch BSP | 7,7 mm / 0,304 ″ | 28 |
| 1/8 Inch BSP | 9.7 mm / 0.383 ″ | 28 |
| 1/4 Inch BSP | 13.16 mm / 0.518 ″ | 19 |
| 3/8 Inch BSP | 16,66 mm / 0,656 ″ | 19 |
| 1/2 Inch BSP | 20,99 mm / 0.825 ″ | 14 |
| 5/8 Inch BSP | 22,99 mm / 0,902 ″ | 14 |
| 3/4 Inch BSP | 26.44 mm / 1.041 ″ | 14 |
| 7/8 Inch BSP | 30,20 mm / 1.189 ″ | 14 |
| 1 Inch BSP | 33,25 mm / 1.309 ″ | 11 |
| 1-1 / 4 Inch BSP | 41,91 mm / 1,650 ″ | 11 |
| 1-1 / 2 Inch BSP | 47,80 mm / 1.882 ″ | 11 |
| 2 Inch BSP | 59,61 mm / 2.347 ″ | 11 |
| 2-1 / 4 Inch BSP | 65,71 mm / 2.587 ″ | 11 |
| 2-1 / 2 Inch BSP | 75.18 mm / 2.96 ″ | 11 |
| 3 Inch BSP | 87,88 mm / 3.46 ″ | 11 |
| 4 Inch BSP | 113.03 mm / 4.45 ″ | 11 |
| 5 Inch BSP | 138.43 mm / 5.45 ″ | 11 |
| 6 Inch BSP | 163.83 mm / 6.45 ″ | 11 |
Ubwanyuma, Ubwongereza Bwisanzwe Bwerekana (BSPT) , buzwi nka R , ni urudodo rukoreshwa mu guhuza imiyoboro myinshi . Ikariso ikora kashe muguhatira urudodo mumutwe rwurudodo rwumugabo wumugore , bikemerera amazi neza. BSPT yiganje cyane cyane mu nganda zitanga ingufu , aho gukumira imyanda ari ngombwa. Inguni yapanze yemeza ko buri rudodo rwiziritse kurindi, rutanga ihuza ryizewe ryumuyoboro kandi , , uhuza neza.
Muri buri kimwe muri ibyo byongereza Whitworth , insanganyamatsiko iranga ingirakamaro. Ibikoresho nkibipimo bipima cyangwa caliper bikoreshwa mugushiraho ubwoko bwurudodo nubunini. Gusobanukirwa ibipimo bya geometrike yizi nsanganyamatsiko, kuva kumurambararo munini kugeza kumurambararo wa diametre , nibyingenzi kugirango habeho guhuza no gukora mumateraniro. Haba mumashini yamateka cyangwa porogaramu zigezweho, Ubwongereza Bwisanzwe Bwisanzure buracyari intangarugero mubikorwa bitandukanye, bihagaze hamwe nubundi bwingenzi nkubwoko bwoko bwa ISO , bwurwego Metric ISO , nubwoko bwabanyamerika.
Imiyoboro y'imiyoboro ni ntangarugero mu kwemeza imiyoboro idahwitse mu miyoboro y'amazi na gaze. Bikora nkibintu byingenzi muguhuza imiyoboro, indangagaciro, hamwe nibikoresho byizewe. Ingano yinsanganyamatsiko ifite akamaro muri izi porogaramu, kuko igomba kuba yujuje umuvuduko w’ibisabwa na sisitemu.
Iyo tuvuze imigozi ya pipe , dukunze kuvuga ubwoko bubiri butandukanye: umugozi wapanze hamwe nu mugozi . Urudodo rwafashwe , ruzwi kandi ku izina rya National Taper Pipe (NPT) , rugenda rugabanuka buhoro buhoro bwa diameter kuva kuruhande rumwe, rutanga kashe ifatanye nkuko insinga zasezeranijwe. Utudodo dusanzwe turasa ariko dufite imiterere ya cone nkeya, wongeyeho imbaraga zinyongera kubihuza.
Urudodo ruvunitse rusanzwe rukoreshwa munganda zamazi . Bakora kashe binyuze mu guhuza insanganyamatsiko. Umuyoboro wa dope cyangwa Teflon kaseti ikora nkibikoresho byo gufunga kugirango habeho guhuza ubusa.
Ibinyuranye, insinga zumuyoboro ntizisanzwe ariko ziracyafite akamaro. Mubisanzwe biboneka mubikorwa byihariye aho igitutu nimbaraga zikenewe zikenewe.
Kumenyekanisha insanganyamatsiko ni ngombwa mu kubungabunga no guteranya sisitemu y'imiyoboro. Ikibanza gipima cyangwa caliper irashobora gukoreshwa mugushiraho ubwoko bwurudodo nubunini. Kurugero, Imiyoboro y'Abanyamerika hamwe na SAE Ihuriro rihuriweho ni ubwoko bwurudodo rusanzwe rufite imiterere itandukanye.
Ubwoko bwabanyamerika nka NPT bukoreshwa cyane muri Amerika ya ruguru. Bakurikiza urwego ruhuriweho , rukubiyemo umurongo uhuriweho n’igihugu (UNC) hamwe n’igihugu cyiza (UNF).
Ubwongereza Bwitwa Pipe Taper (BSPT) hamwe nu murongo w’Ubwongereza Standard Whitworth (BSW) , harimo n’Ubwongereza Standard Whitworth Coarse (BSWC) , ni ubwoko bw’udodo two mu Bwongereza bufite imikoreshereze yihariye, cyane cyane mu Bwongereza no mu bihugu bya Commonwealth.
Ikibanza diameter yumurongo cya wumuyoboro ni igipimo gikomeye. Ni diameter ya silindiri yibitekerezo aho uburebure bwurudodo bungana numwanya wumurongo . Kubipimo nyabyo, ikoreshwa ryikibanza cyangwa caliper ikoreshwa.
Urudodo rwumugabo nududodo twabagore ni amagambo akoreshwa mugusobanura urudodo rwo hanze rwa diameter nu mugozi wimbere . Urudodo rwumugabo ruboneka hanze yimiyoboro cyangwa ibikoresho, mugihe insinga zumugore ziri imbere.
Urudodo rwiburyo ni urwego rusanzwe mu nganda, aho urudodo rukomera ku isaha. Urudodo rwibumoso ntirusanzwe kandi rukomere ku isaha.
Buri gihe ukoreshe igipimo cyerekana igipimo cyumutwe na diameter.
l Menya neza ko insinga zafunzwe zifunze bihagije hamwe na kashe.
l Kubisobanuro byumuvuduko mwinshi, suzuma insanganyamatsiko kugirango zongere imbaraga.
Menya amahame yinganda kubwoko bwihariye bwo kwishyiriraho ukora.
l Koresha uburyo bwiza bwo kumenyekanisha urudodo kugirango wirinde guhuza bidahuye.
Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati yumuringoti wapanze na conical ningirakamaro kuri buriwese mumashanyarazi cyangwa gazi. neza Kumenyekanisha no guhitamo birashobora gukumira ibimeneka, kwemeza ubudakemwa bwa sisitemu, no gukomeza ibipimo byumutekano muri izi porogaramu zikomeye.
Iyo bigeze ku bwoko bwurudodo, benshi muritwe tumenyereye ubwoko busanzwe duhura nibintu bya buri munsi nka bolts na nuts. Ariko, hariho isi yubwoko butandukanye bwinsanganyamatsiko zigira uruhare runini mubikorwa bitandukanye. Reka twibire muri bumwe murubwo bwoko bwurudodo rwambere hamwe nibisabwa byihariye.
Urudodo rwa Acme ruzwiho imiterere ya trapezoidal, rukomera kandi rukwiranye n'imitwaro iremereye kuruta imigozi ya screw . Bakunze kuboneka mubikoresho nka vices na jack aho imbaraga nigihe kirekire aribyo byingenzi.
Urudodo rudasanzwe rwihariye hamwe nuruziga ruzengurutse imizi. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mubidukikije aho insanganyamatsiko zishobora guhura nogukora nabi cyangwa gukenera gusukurwa byoroshye, nko mubiribwa n'ibinyobwa.
Utudodo twa butresse dufite igishushanyo cyemerera imbaraga zo kwimura icyerekezo kimwe. Nibo bajya kumurongo kubisabwa nka kanda aho ukeneye insinga kugirango ukemure imbaraga nyinshi mumurongo ugana.
Urudodo rwinzoka ningirakamaro muri sisitemu aho uruzinduko rukeneye guhinduka umurongo umwe. Nibintu byingenzi muri sisitemu yububiko, nkibisangwa mubikoresho byo gutunganya cyangwa kuzamura.
Buri bwoko bwurudodo rwambere rutanga intego yihariye, akenshi bujyanye nibyifuzo byinganda.
l Urudodo rwa Acme ntabwo rukomeye gusa; batanga kandi neza, bigatuma biba byiza mubikorwa byamazi-yingufu.
ludodo twa Knuckle, hamwe nubushobozi bwabo bwo kurwanya ibyangiritse, nibyingenzi murwego rwubuhinzi aho imashini zihura n’ibihe bibi.
l Utudodo twa butress ningirakamaro mubikoresho byo gukora ibyuma bitewe nubushobozi bwabo bwo kwihanganira imbaraga za axial.
l Urudodo rwinzoka ninkingi ya sisitemu yo kugenzura ibyerekezo , bigira uruhare runini mumirenge nkimodoka nindege.
Ubwoko bwimitwe yambere ntabwo ireba imikorere gusa; ni ibyerekeranye no kwizerwa no kwizerwa mubidukikije-byinshi.
Inganda zindege . zishingiye kuriyi nsanganyamatsiko zihariye kugirango umutekano n'imikorere yibigize indege
Mu nganda zo mu nyanja , kuramba kw'izi nsanganyamatsiko ni ngombwa mu guhangana n’amazi y’umunyu yangirika.
Umurima wubuvuzi . ukoresha insanganyamatsiko zigezweho mubikoresho bikiza ubuzima, aho gutsindwa atari amahitamo
.Urwego rwingufu rushingiye kuriyi nsanganyamatsiko zo kubungabunga no gukoresha imashini ziremereye
Mugihe ubwoko bwurudodo rusanzwe nkurudodo rwa ISO cyangwa Imiyoboro Yabanyamerika Yamenyekanye cyane, nizi nsanganyamatsiko zateye imbere akenshi zifata ibyamamare mubikorwa byihariye. Ingano yumutwe ifite akamaro , kandi nubwoko bwurudodo rukoreshwa. Yaba umugozi wa Acme mumisarani cyangwa urudodo rwa Worm muri garebox, gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwurudodo rwingenzi nibyingenzi kubashakashatsi naba technicien mu nganda. Guhitamo urudodo rwiburyo - rwaba urudodo rusa cyangwa urudodo rufunze - rushobora gukora itandukaniro ryose mumikorere no kuramba kwibice.
Gusobanukirwa ibipimo bya geometrike yingirakamaro ningirakamaro kubantu bose bakorana nibice bifatanye . Waba uri mubikorwa byamazi-yingufu cyangwa ukorana nudufunga imigozi , kumenya ibipimo byerekana guhuza no gukora.
yerekeza Diameter nini kumurambararo munini byumugozi wibikoresho . Ni diameter yo hanze yumutwe wumugabo cyangwa diameter nini yumurongo wumugore . Ibinyuranye, diameter ntoya ni diameter ntoya yumutwe. Ni diameter ya silinderi itekereza gusa ikora kumutwe wurudodo kumurongo winyuma cyangwa urudodo rwurudodo kumutwe yubunini . wimbere Ingano ; kubwibyo, kubona ibipimo neza ni ngombwa.
Ikibanza cya diameter ni ikintu gikomeye kiri hagati ya diameter nini nini. Ni diameter ya silindari ya co-axial silindari aho intera iva diametre yikibanza ifatira kuruhande rumwe kugeza kumutwe wurudodo kuruhande rutandukanye. Ikibanza cya diameter ni ngombwa kuko gifasha kugena urudodo no kwemeza guhuza neza.
Ikibanza cyurudodo ni intera yumurongo hagati yubuso bubiri bwegeranye kumutwe murindege ya axial . Ni igipimo kiziguye cy'umubare w'udodo kuri buri burebure kandi ni ngombwa mu kumenyekanisha urudodo . Muri sisitemu ya metric , ikibanza gisobanurwa muri milimetero, mugihe muri yubumwe bwibwami nka sisitemu SAE Unified Threads cyangwa American Pipe Threads , bigaragazwa nkumubare winsanganyamatsiko kuri santimetero. Ibipimo byo gupima akenshi bikoreshwa mugupima ibipimo neza.
Isonga nintera umugozi wumugozi unyura kumurongo hamwe numuzingo wuzuye. Kumurongo umwe-umugozi umwe, kuyobora ni kimwe nikibuga. Ariko, kumirongo ibiri-ifite imigozi , icyerekezo nikubye kabiri ikibuga. Iki gitekerezo ni ingenzi kubisabwa bisaba inyungu zubukanishi.
Inguni yinyo , izwi kandi nkurudodo rudodo , ni inguni hagati yimpande . Ubwoko butandukanye bwinsanganyamatsiko nka Metric ISO Urudodo , rwabongereza Whitworth , cyangwa urudodo ruhuriweho rufite impande zitandukanye. Kurugero, insanganyamatsiko zipima ubusanzwe zifite ingero ya dogere 60 , mugihe abongereza Standard Whitworth Coarse insanganyamatsiko zifite inguni ya dogere 55 . Imiterere y'amenyo n'inguni bigira ingaruka kumutwe geometrie n'imbaraga zayo.
Ibipimo bya geometrike nka diameter , nini ntoya ya diameter , ya diameter yumutwe , ntoya , hamwe nu menyo yinyo bigira uruhare runini mugushushanya . Ibipimo bikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwurudodo, harimo urudodo , urudodo rubangikanye , rwubwoko bwa ISO , nubwoko bwabanyamerika . Gusobanukirwa neza no gupima ibipimo ngenderwaho ukoresheje ibikoresho nka kaliperi hamwe nigipimo cyapimwe ningirakamaro kugirango hamenyekane inzira nyayo yo kumenyekanisha urudodo no guhuza ibice nka ya hose , fitingi , hamwe na fitingi ya tube . Wibuke, mwisi yinsanganyamatsiko , precision ni urufunguzo.
Mugihe ukorana ninsanganyamatsiko , nibyingenzi kumenya niba ukorana nubwoko bwurudodo cyangwa rushyizweho . Urudodo rubangikanye rugumana diameter imwe iherezo-iherezo, mugihe insinga zipanze zigabanuka, zikaba ntoya yerekeza kumpera. Kubatandukanya, reba neza. Iringaniza iringaniye izagaragara kimwe, mugihe insinga zafashwe zisa nkaho zihurira.
Kuburyo bwa tekiniki, koresha Caliper . Gupima diameter ahantu hatandukanye. Niba ibipimo ari bimwe, ni urudodo ruringaniye . Niba bigabanutse, ufite urudodo rufunze . Mu nganda zitanga ingufu , kumenya itandukaniro ni ngombwa kugirango habeho guhuza neza.
Ikibanza iri c'urudodo ni intera hagati yacyo. Kugirango upime ibi, uzakoresha igipimo cyerekana . Iki gikoresho gifite ibyuma bitandukanye, buri kimwe gifite umubare w amenyo atandukanye kuri santimetero. Huza gusa igipimo nigitereko. Iyo bihuye neza, wasanze ikibuga cyawe . Iyi ntambwe ni urufunguzo rwibisobanuro byombi hamwe nubwoko bwabanyamerika.
Kugirango umenye ubunini bwurudodo , bapima diameter nini -ibintu binini bya diameter yumurongo wumugabo cyangwa diameter yinyuma yumudamu wumugore. Koresha Caliper kugirango ubone neza. Ibikurikira, suzuma umwirondoro . Ibi birimo imiterere yinyo hamwe nuudodo geometrie . Metric ISO hamwe na SAE Ihuriro rihuriweho ni ubwoko bwurudodo rusanzwe , buriwese ufite imyirondoro idasanzwe.
Hanyuma, shiraho umurongo ukurikije amahame yinganda. Uzakenera kumenya nomero yubunini bwumwirondoro , , kandi niba ari iburyo cyangwa ibumoso . Ibipimo bisanzwe birimo ISO metric , yu Bwongereza Standard Standard Whitworth Coarse , hamwe nu murongo wigihugu uhuriweho . Buri gihe ujye werekeza ku nganda zinganda kugirango umenye neza umurongo.
Ingano yubunini ifite akamaro mukwemeza urudodo rukwiye kubisabwa nka fitingi ya hose hamwe na compressor yo mu kirere . Kumenyekanisha neza urudodo ni urufatiro rwo kubungabunga no guhugura ikoranabuhanga mu nganda zishingiye ku bice bifatanye.
Mugihe uhitamo insanganyamatsiko kumushinga wawe, ibintu byinshi biza gukina. Nibyingenzi gusuzuma , , ibikoresho bifatika hamwe ninganda zinganda . Dore ugusenyuka kubyo ugomba kuzirikana:
1. Kumenyekanisha insanganyamatsiko : Ni ngombwa kumenya ubwoko bwinsanganyamatsiko neza. Koresha igipimo cyerekana igipimo cyumurongo hamwe na Caliper kugirango upime diameter nini.
2. Ubwoko butandukanye : Menya ubwoko bwurudodo rusanzwe . Yaba ubwoko bwa ISO , ubwoko bwurudodo rwabanyamerika , cyangwa insanganyamatsiko yo mu Bwongereza Whitworth , buriwese afite imikoreshereze yihariye.
3. Inganda zitwara ingufu : Niba uri muri uyu murenge, SAE Ihuriro rihuriweho rishobora kuba inzira yawe. Byaremewe kubintu byumuvuduko mwinshi.
4. Ingano yubunini bwibintu : Buri gihe menya neza ko ingano yurudodo ihuza nukuri guhuza . Ingano itari yo irashobora gutuma ibintu byangirika cyangwa ibyangiritse.
5. Urudodo ruringaniye nu rudodo : Sobanukirwa itandukaniro. Utudodo tubangikanye tugumana diameter imwe, mugihe insinga zapanze zigabanuka. Ibi bigira ingaruka kuri kashe nuburyo bagena urudodo.
6. Diameter ya Pitch : Diameter yikibanza ni urufunguzo rwa geometrike. Nibintu bya silinderi yibitekerezo aho intera iri hagati yinyuzi iringaniye.
l Kudahuza insanganyamatsiko : Irinde gukoresha umugozi wumugabo ufite umugozi wumugore utari wo . Ibi birashobora kwambura insinga cyangwa gutera nabi.
l Kwirengagiza Icyerekezo Cyamaboko : Urudodo rwiburyo rwiburyo rusanzwe, ariko urudodo rwibumoso rukoreshwa mubisabwa bimwe. Ntukavange.
l Kwirengagiza Ibipimo : Ibipimo byinganda , nkibisanzwe bihujwe cyangwa urwego rwa ISO , byemeza guhuza. Ntukirengagize.
l Kwirengagiza Ibikoresho : Ibikoresho bifata umugozi bigomba guhuza ibice bahuza. Ibikoresho bidahuye birashobora kwangirika cyangwa kunanirwa.
l Kwibagirwa Ibikoresho Kumenyekanisha Ibikoresho : Ibikoresho nkibipimo byurudodo ni ngombwa. Bafasha kwirinda amakosa mu kumenyekanisha urudodo.
Wibuke, inzira yo kumenyekanisha insanganyamatsiko ntabwo igomba gufatanwa uburemere. Ni umusingi wo guhuza umutekano kandi ukora neza. Kurugero, mubikorwa byamazi-yingufu, gukoresha ubwoko bwurudodo rutari rwo kuri fitingi ya hose cyangwa ibyuma bya tube bishobora gutera kumeneka nabi.
Guhitamo ubwoko bwurudodo rwukuri bisobanura nanone gusuzuma igishushanyo mbonera. Kubihuza imiyoboro, Umuyoboro wigihugu (NPT) hamwe nu Bwongereza Bwiza Bwiza (BSPT) nubwoko bwingenzi. Bakoresha insinga zifunze kandi zifatika kugirango zifatwe neza.
Ibinyuranyo, porogaramu zisaba insanganyamatsiko zibangikanye zirashobora gukoresha ISO metric thread cyangwa Unified National Coarse Thread (UNC). Ibi byemeza umurambararo wimbere uhoraho kuruhande rwibice.
Ubwanyuma, ntuzibagirwe kubijyanye no kubungabunga no guhugura ikoranabuhanga. Gukomeza imbere hamwe na IoT yinganda birashobora kugufasha guhitamo ubwoko bwurudodo rukwiye kandi ukabukomeza neza. Mugihe mugihe compressor yumuyaga ya konderesi yungurura irashobora gusa nkaho idafitanye isano, nabo bashingira kumahitamo meza kugirango bakore neza.
Twanyuze mu isi igoye y'insanganyamatsiko, dusuzuma imiterere ituma buri bwoko bwihariye. Kuva ku miyoboro y'Abanyamerika kugeza kuri Metero ISO, gusobanukirwa ubwoko butandukanye bwinsanganyamatsiko ntabwo ari amasomo gusa - ni ngombwa mubikorwa. Mu nganda nka fluid-power cyangwa inganda, kumenya SAE Yanyu Yunze ubumwe kuva Mubitabo byawe bya Whitworth yo mu Bwongereza birashobora gusobanura itandukaniro riri hagati yikosa ryuzuye hamwe nikosa rihenze.
Tekereza ibi guhamagarira ibikorwa: koresha ubuhanga bwawe bwo kumenyekanisha urudodo kugirango utezimbere umurimo wawe. Waba urimo gushushanya ibikoresho bya hose cyangwa ugahitamo umuyoboro ukwiye wa fitingi, ibuka ko ingano yingirakamaro. Ukoresheje igipimo cya pisine na caliper mu ntoki, ufite ibikoresho byo kugena urudodo ufite ikizere.
Kubari mumurima, inzira yo kumenyekanisha insanganyamatsiko ntabwo ari ukubona gusa guhuza bikwiye; bijyanye no kurinda umutekano no gukora neza. Inganda zinganda zirahari kugirango zituyobore, nibikoresho nkibikoresho bifashisha imipira yo gupima ibyo bipimo. Wibuke, ubwoko bwurudodo burenze urutonde rwamazina - ni ururimi rwabo, ururimi ruvuga ubunyangamugayo bwa buri murongo.
Mu gusoza, ubwoko bwinsanganyamatsiko zingenzi-Urudodo ruringaniye, Urudodo rucapishijwe, ubwoko bwurudodo rwa ISO, ubwoko bwurudodo rwabanyamerika, hamwe nu Bwongereza Bwisanganya-ni inyubako zububiko butabarika. Nkuko ikoranabuhanga ritera imbere hamwe na IoT yinganda no kubungabunga ibizaba, niko natwe tugomba kumenya ubumenyi bwimiterere.
