Ukubuka: 115 Umbhali: Isikhathi Sokushicilela Isihleli Sesayithi: 2024-01-09 Umsuka: Isayithi
Uma kukhulunywa ngezwe eliyinkimbinkimbi yokufakwa kwepayipi neshubhu, izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zezintambo ezitholakalayo zingaba namandla kakhulu. Kufana nokuma ku-maze of spirals, ngayinye inephimbo nokujula okuhlukile, uzibuza ukuthi iyiphi indlela eholela ekulinganeni okuphelele. Kulesi sihloko, ngijabule ukukuvulela imfihlakalo yalolu chungechunge. Sizoqala ngesethulo esiyisisekelo sokuthi iyini imicu - leyo migqa eyisipesheli ebalulekile eyenza amantongomane, amabhawodi, nokufakwa kusebenze emishinini eminingi nezinto zansuku zonke.
Kulolu hambo, sizohlola izinhlobo eziyinhloko zochungechunge, olufana ne-BSPP, UN/UNF, nemicu ye-metric parallel, futhi sihlole umhlaba wezintambo ezicijile, okufaka phakathi imicu ye-metric tapered, i-BSPT, ne-NPT/NPTF. Ukuqonda lokhu kuzokusiza wenze izinqumo ezingabizi kakhulu nezifanele, uqinisekise ukwethembeka nokuvimbela ukungasebenzi kahle kumaphrojekthi akho. Ngakho-ke, ake siqale kulolu chungechunge lwe-adventure futhi sithole okufanelekela izidingo zakho!
Uma sikhuluma ngezintambo, sibhekisela esakhiweni se-helical esisetshenziselwa ukuguqula phakathi kokunyakaza okuzungezisayo kanye nomugqa noma amandla. Imicu yonke indawo! Bheka izikulufu ezibambe ideski lakho ndawonye, isivalo sebhodlela lakho lamanzi, noma isibani esisibani sakho. Wonke ancike emicu ukuze ahlale endaweni futhi asebenze ngendlela efanele.
Umucu wumphetho oqhubekayo ozungeza indawo eyisilinda noma eyi-conical. Lo mklamo uvumela izingxenye ukuthi zihlanganiswe ndawonye ngokuphepha. Ake ucabange ngezitebhisi ezithandelayo ezisonga insika—yilokho intambo ebukeka ngayo kusikulufa noma ibhawudi.
Imicu ibalulekile ngoba isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezingenakubalwa ezithinta impilo yethu yansuku zonke. Bangamaqhawe ethunzini, benza isiqiniseko sokuthi izinto aziwohloki. Nakhu ukuthi kungani zibaluleke kangaka:
l Ukubamba Izinto Ndawonye : Kusukela kufenisha kuya emishinini, izintambo zisetshenziswa kuzibophelelo zentambo njengezikulufu namabhawudi ukugcina izingxenye zixhumene ngokuvikelekile.
l Ukulawula Uketshezi : Embonini yamandla awuketshezi , izintambo ziqinisekisa ukuthi kwamapayipi namashubhu ukufakwa akuvuzi, okubalulekile kumasistimu athutha amanzi, uwoyela, noma igesi.
l Ukunemba Kumadivayisi : Kumadivayisi anemba okuphezulu, njengakumishini yezokwelapha, ukunemba kosayizi wentambo kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okufanele nokuphepha.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zezintambo, ngayinye enezinhlelo zayo nezici ezithile. Nazi ezimbalwa:
l Imicu yamapayipi aseMelika : Lezi zisetshenziswa eNyakatho Melika ukuvala ukuxhumana kwamapayipi .
l I -SAE Unified Threads : Indinganiso yentambo yesikulufu evame ukusetshenziswa embonini yezimoto.
l Uchungechunge lwe-Metric ISO : Izinga lentambo yemethrikhi elisetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukuze ukhethe uchungechunge , uzodinga ukwazi izilinganiso ezibalulekile ezimbalwa:
l Ububanzi Obukhulu : Ububanzi obukhulu bangaphandle bomucu wesilisa.
l I-Diameter Encane : Ububanzi obuncane kakhulu, obutholakala ngaphansi kwe -groove yentambo.
l I-Pitch Diameter : Lona ububanzi besilinda esicatshangelwayo esidlula emiculweni yentambo kanye yowesilisa nomsele wentambo yesifazane ..
Ukuhlonza uchungechunge kungase kube nzima, kodwa amathuluzi afana ne- pitch gauge angasiza. Leli thuluzi likala ukuphakama kwentambo , okuyibanga - ukusuka kwelinye intambo ukuya kwelinye ngendiza ye axial.
Imingcele yejometri yentambo ichaza amandla nomsebenzi wayo. Izici zochungechunge ezifana ne -engeli yezinyo kanye ne- thread pitch zinquma ukuthi intambo izobamba kahle kangakanani nokuthi ingathwala amandla angakanani. Isibonelo, isikulufu esinemicu ekabili sizothuthuka ngokuphindwe kabili njengesikulufu esinomucu owodwa wokuzungezisa ngakunye, sinikeze inzuzo yomshini..
l Intambo ehambisanayo kanye nentambo ecijile yizigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko. Izintambo ezihambisanayo zigcina ububanzi obufanayo kulo lonke, kuyilapho imicu ecijile incipha, okusiza ekudaleni ama-seal aqinile.
l Imicu Esesandleni Sokudla ivame kakhulu, lapho ukujika ngokwewashi kuqinisa intambo. Imiluko Esesandleni Sokunxele ayijwayelekile futhi iqina ibheke kolunye uhlangothi.
Ukuqonda izintambo kanye nemingcele yazo yejiyomethri kubalulekile ngoba zingamabhulokhi wokwakha okuningi okusizungezile. Kusukela ekuhlanganiseni ndawonye izingcezu zethoyizi lengane kuya ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwendiza, izintambo zidlala indima ebalulekile emhlabeni wethu. Njengoba sihlolisisa imininingwane ethile yokwakheka kwentambo , khumbula ukuthi le migoqo emincane inamandla ngokubaluleka kwayo.
Uma kuxoxwa ngezinhlobo zochungechunge , kubalulekile ukuqonda imisebenzi yazo eyinhloko.
Izintambo zokukhweza zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvikela izingxenye ndawonye. Cabanga ngezikulufo zekesi lekhompyutha; zenzelwe ukubamba izingxenye endaweni.
Izintambo zokudlulisa , ngakolunye uhlangothi, zibalulekile kumasistimu adlulisa amandla. Le micu itholakala kuzikulufu zomthofu zemishini, lapho ijometri yayo ivumela ukuguqulwa kokunyakaza okujikelezayo kube ukunyakaza okuqondile.
Imicu yezokuthutha ihluke kancane. Badlala indima ebalulekile embonini yamandla oketshezi . Lezi zintambo zenzelwe ukudala isivalo ekufakweni , ukuqinisekisa kwamapayipi namashubhu ukuthuthwa okuphephile nokusebenza kahle koketshezi noma amagesi. Uhlobo ngalunye lwentambo yakhelwe injongo yalo ethile, futhi ukuhlonza intambo kubalulekile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nokusebenza.
Imicu ingahlukaniswa njengemicu yesandla sokudla (RH) noma i-Left-Hand (LH) . Umehluko ulula kodwa ubalulekile. Imicu ye-RH iqina njengokuhamba kwewashi, okuyisiqondiso esijwayelekile sezixhumi eziningi zokubopha . Cishe sonke isikulufu esivamile noma ibhawodi ohlangana nalo cishe lizoba nentambo ye-RH. Izintambo ze-LH , ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziqinisa ngokuphambene newashi futhi azivamile kangako. Asetshenziswa ezimeni lapho amandla ajikelezayo engase abangele ukuxega kwentambo ye-RH, njengakuhlangothi lwesobunxele lwe-pedal yebhayisikili.
l Imicu Esesandleni sokudla :
¡ Qinisa ngokwewashi
¡ Iningi zentambo yesikulufu lezinhlelo zokusebenza
l Imicu Yesandla sobunxele :
¡ Qinisa ngokuphambene newashi
¡ Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile zokuvimbela ukuxega
Imicu yamapayipi iza ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: intambo ecijile kanye nentambo ehambisanayo . Imicu eqoshiwe , njenge- National Taper Pipe (NPT) , iklanyelwe ukudala uphawu ngemicu ngokwayo. Njengoba intambo yesilisa neyesifazane iqiniswa, yakha uphawu ngenxa yokulingana kokuphazamiseka. Lokhu kuzenza zilungele ukusetshenziswa okubandakanya amagesi noma uketshezi olungaphansi kwengcindezi.
Izintambo ezihambisanayo , ezifana ne -British Standard Pipe Parallel (BSPP) , zidinga i-ejenti yokuvala, njengewasha noma i-O-ring, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhuma okungangenisi amanzi. Zivame ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza zengcindezi ephansi nalapho ukuxhumana kungase kudingeke ukuthi kuhlanganiswe futhi kuhlakazwe njalo.
l Imicu Eqoshiwe :
¡ National Taper Pipe (NPT)
Ukuvalwa kufinyelelwa ngokuphazanyiswa kwentambo
Isetshenziswa kumasistimu anengcindezi ephezulu
l Imicu Ehambisanayo :
¡ I-British Standard Pipe Parallel (BSPP)
Idinga ama-ejenti angeziwe wokuvala uphawu
Ifanele ukuhlangana/ukuqaqa njalo
T ubalulekile Usayizi we- futhi kubalulekile ukuqoka uhlobo lwentambo ngendlela efanele ukuze uqinisekise ubuqotho bokuxhumana. Ukuthi usebenza ne- American Pipe Threads , SAE Unified Threads , noma uchungechunge lwe-Metric ISO , efanele inqubo yokuhlonza intambo ibalulekile. Amathuluzi afana ne -pitch gauge kanye ne -caliper angasiza kule nqubo, ngokunamathela ezindinganisweni zemboni zephrofayili kasayizi omncane kanye nokuqinisekisa okulungile ukwakheka kwentambo kwesicelo.
Intambo yemethrikhi ye-ISO, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-M , iwuhlobo lwentambo yendawo yonke . Isetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke, iwuchungechunge olusezingeni ngezinjongo ezijwayelekile. Ububanzi bephimbo kanye nobubanzi obukhulu yizici ezibalulekile zalolu hlobo lwentambo . Imicu ye-Metric idumile ngenxa yobulula bayo kanye nokukhonjwa kalula kwentambo..
Izicelo zihlanganisa: - Imishini - Imboni Yezimoto - Imikhiqizo yabathengi
Izintambo zemethrikhi zinikeza ibhalansi yamandla nokuguquguquka, okuwenza abe olunye lwezinhlobo zochungechunge olubalulekile ekukhiqizeni.
Intambo ye- ISO metric fine , noma i- MF , ihlukile kumcu ojwayelekile we-M ekuphakameni kwawo . Iphimbo . licolekile, okusho ukuthi imicu isondelene Lokhu kubangela ukubala okuphezulu kweyunithi ngobude beyunithi. Intambo enhle ihlinzeka ngesilawuli esingcono sokudonsa futhi ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukunemba okuphezulu kuyadingeka.
Umehluko oyinhloko uhlanganisa: - Iphimbo elincane - oqinile Usayizi wentambo - Amandla amakhulu emigodini ethenjiwe
Imicu emihle yemethrikhi ivamise ukusetshenziswa embonini yamandla amanzi kanye nasezinhlelweni ezidinga ukulungiswa okungcono kakhulu.
Intambo yensimbi yepayipi , eyaziwa ngokuthi Pg , inomlando obalulekile. Yavela eJalimane futhi yayisetshenziswa kabanzi kulo lonke elaseYurophu ukufakwa kwepayipi likagesi. Namuhla, izintambo ze-Pg zinezinhlelo ezithile zokusebenza embonini kagesi, ziqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuphephile nokuthembekile.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamanje kuhilela: - Ukufakwa kukagesi - Amasistimu we-conduit - Amathuluzi
Naphezu kokukhuphuka kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezintambo I - , Pg isalokhu ibalulekile ngenxa yamazinga emboni kanye nezinhlelo zefa.
Intambo ye-trapezoidal , ebizwa ngokuthi i-Tr , ibonakala ngesimo sayo sezinyo le-trapezoidal. Lo mklamo unikeza inzuzo eqinile yemishini , iyenze ifanele imithwalo esindayo nezikulufu zokuhola emishinini.
Imisebenzi ihlanganisa: - Ukudluliswa kwamandla - Ukuguqulwa kokunyakaza ukusuka kokujikelezayo kuye komugqa - Sebenzisa kuma-vises namajack
Intambo ye-trapezoidal iwuhlobo lwentambo evamile ekukhiqizeni amasistimu okushayela. I-geometry yayo ivumela ukusatshalaliswa kwemithwalo endaweni enkulu, ithuthukisa ukuqina nempilo yokuphila kochungechunge.
Kuso sonke lesi sigaba, sithinte izinhlobo zochungechunge lwe-ISO ezifana ne -metric ISO thread , ISO metric fine thread , nokunye. Kubalulekile ukuqoka uchungechunge ngendlela efanele kuhlelo oluhlosiwe, njengoba usayizi wentambo ubalulekile . Amathuluzi afana ne -pitch gauge kanye ne -caliper abalulekile enqubweni yokuhlonza intambo , aqinisekisa ukuhambisana nokusebenza ezingxenyeni ezinentambo.
Uma sikhuluma ngezinhlobo zezintambo zaseMelika , i- Unified National Coarse Thread , noma i- UNC , ingenye yezinhlobo ezibalulekile zentambo . Kuyindinganiso echaza ukwakheka kwe-helical kwezixhumi zentambo . I -UNC yaziwa ngephimbo layo elibanzi kunezinye izinhlobo, okuyenza ifanele ukusetshenziswa okuvamile ezintweni ezihlukahlukene. Usayizi wochungechunge ubalulekile lapha, futhi idizayini ye-UNC yenza kube mancane amathuba okuthi inqamuke futhi kube lula ukuyiphatha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i -Unified National Fine Thread noma i-UNF inobubanzi obuncane bephimbo . Lokhu kusho ukuthi imicu isondelene ndawonye. I -UNF ivamise ukusetshenziswa lapho kudingeka izinga eliphezulu lamandla nokunemba. Kuvamile embonini yamandla oketshezi ngoba imicu ecolekile ihlinzeka ngokulingana okuvikeleke kakhulu nokuqinile. Kubalulekile ukuqoka uchungechunge ngokucophelela lapho usebenza ne -UNF ukuze uqinisekise ukuhambisana nokusebenza.
I- Unified National Special Thread noma i-UNS ingolunye uhlobo lwentambo yaseMelika egqamayo ngenxa yokwenza ngokwezifiso kwayo okuyingqayizivele. I-UNS ayifanisiwe njenge -UNC noma i-UNF , evumela ukuhluka kokuphakama kwentambo nobubanzi. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kwenza i-UNS ihambe phambili ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile lapho amasayizi ochungechunge ajwayelekile anganele. Ukuhlonzwa kochungechunge kwe -UNS kudinga izilinganiso ezinembile, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa i -pitch gauge noma i-caliper.
| Usayizi Wedeshi (Usayizi Wegama) | Iphimbo Iphimbo | Intambo Yowesilisa OD mm | Intambo yesilisa OD amayintshi | I-ID Yochungechunge Lwesifazane mm | Amayintshi e-ID Yochungechunge Lwesifazane |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -02 (1/8) | 27 | 10.3 | 0.41 | 9.4 | 0.37 |
| -04 (1/4) | 18 | 13.7 | 0.54 | 12.4 | 0.49 |
| -06 (3/8) | 18 | 17.3 | 0.68 | 15.7 | 0.62 |
| -08 (1/2) | 14 | 21.3 | 0.84 | 19.3 | 0.76 |
| -10 (5/8) | 14 | 22.9 | 0.90 | 21.1 | 0.83 |
| -12 (3/4) | 14 | 26.9 | 1.06 | 24.9 | 0.98 |
| -16 (1) | 11½ | 33.3 | 1.31 | 31.5 | 1.24 |
| -20 (1 ¼) | 11½ | 42.2 | 1.66 | 40.1 | 1.58 |
| -24 (1 ½) | 11½ | 48.3 | 1.90 | 46.2 | 1.82 |
| -32 (2) | 11½ | 60.4 | 2.38 | 57.9 | 2.29 |
**OD = I-ID Yobubanzi Bangaphandle = Ububanzi Bangaphakathi
Ukuthuthela Emilukweni Yepayipi YaseMelika , Imiluko Yepayipi Kazwelonke yeTaper ibalulekile. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-NPT ne -NPTF . Zombili ziyizinhlobo zezintambo ezicijile okusho ukuthi zakha uphawu njengoba ziqiniswa. I-NPT , noma i-National Taper Pipe , ivamile futhi idinga ama-ejenti angeziwe wokuvala. I-NPTF , noma i-National Taper Pipe Dryseal , iklanyelwe ukwenza uphawu oluqinile ngaphandle kwezinto zokuvala ezengeziwe. I-NPT ne -NPTF zibalulekile embonini yamandla e-fluid ekufakweni lokufakwa kwepayipi , kweshubhu , kanye noxhumo lwamapayipi . I- thread pitch gauge iyithuluzi elibalulekile lenqubo yokuhlonza intambo kuzo zombili izinhlelo ze -NPT ne -NPTF .
Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo zezintambo zaseMelika kubalulekile kochwepheshe ezimbonini eziningi. I-SAE Unified Threads , ehlanganisa i- UNC , UNF , ne- UNS , kanye ne- NPT ne- NPTF , idlala indima ebalulekile ekudaleni izibopheli ezinentambo noxhumo olufanelekayo . efanele Ukuhlonza intambo kuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye zilingana ngokuphephile futhi zisebenza njengoba kuhlosiwe.
I- British Standard Whitworth Coarse (BSW) , evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-WW ye-Whitworth, iphrofayili yentambo enomlando ocebile. Bekuyisistimu yokuqala emhlabeni yentambo yesikulufu , eyaklanywa u -Joseph Whitworth ngo-1841. Umklamo wawuguquguqukayo, ubeka indinganiso yezibophelelo zentambo kuwo wonke uMbuso WaseBrithani nangale kwawo. Intambo kaWhitworth ibe enye yezinhlobo zentambo ezibaluleke kakhulu , ebonakala nge -angle yayo yentambo engu-55-degree kanye nama-crest ayindilinga nezimpande. Lolu hlelo lwentambo yomlando lwabeka isisekelo sezinhlobo eziningi zentambo esizibona namuhla.
Ukuqhubekela ku- British Standard Fine (BSF) , lolu hlobo lochungechunge empeleni luyinguqulo engcono kakhulu ye-BSW. elincane Ngephimbo , okuyibanga phakathi kwemicu eseduze , i-BSF yathuthukiswa ukuze inikeze izinga eliphezulu lokunemba namandla ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho usayizi wentambo ubalulekile khona . Ububanzi obukhulu buhlala bufana ne-BSW, kodwa iphimbo elicolekileyo livumela imicu eyengeziwe ngentshi ngayinye, okuhumushela ekulinganeni okuqinile, okuvikeleke kakhulu. I-BSF ivame ukusetshenziswa embonini yezimoto, lapho ukunemba kubalulekile.
| Usayizi Wedeshi (Usayizi Wegama) | Iphimbo Lokucupha | Intambo yesilisa OD mm | Intambo yesilisa OD amayintshi I | -ID Yochungechunge Lwesifazane mm | Amayintshi E-ID Yochungechunge Lwesifazane |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -02 (1/8) | 28 | 9.7 | 0.38 | 8.9 | 0.35 |
| -04 (1/4) | 19 | 13.2 | 0.52 | 11.9 | 0.47 |
| -06 (3/8) | 19 | 16.5 | 0.65 | 15.2 | 0.60 |
| -08 (1/2) | 14 | 20.8 | 0.82 | 19.1 | 0.75 |
| -10 (5/8) | 14 | 22.4 | 0.88 | 20.3 | 0.80 |
| -12 (3/4) | 14 | 26.4 | 1.04 | 24.6 | 0.97 |
| -16 (1) | 11 | 33.0 | 1.30 | 31.0 | 1.22 |
| -20 (1 ¼) | 11 | 41.9 | 1.65 | 39.6 | 1.56 |
| -24 (1 ½) | 11 | 47.8 | 1.88 | 45.5 | 1.79 |
| -32 (2) | 11 | 59.7 | 2.35 | 57.4 | 2.26 |
I-British Standard Pipe (BSP) , eyaziwa nangokuthi i-G , iwuhlobo lwentambo efanayo evame ukusetshenziswa embonini yamandla oketshezi . Ngokungafani nemicu ye-taper, imicu ye-BSP igcina ububanzi obufanayo ukusuka ekugcineni kuya ekugcineni, ibenza imicu ehambisanayo . Lo mklamo ubalulekile ekufakweni kwepayipi nokufakwa kwamashubhu , lapho olungaguquki . uphawu kudingeka khona I-BSP ivamise ukuqhathaniswa ne -American Pipe Threads , kodwa azishintsheki ngenxa yomehluko wendlela yomucu nephimbo.
| Usayizi Wochungechunge lwe-BSP | Ngaphandle Kobubanzi be | -TPI |
|---|---|---|
| 1/16 Intshi BSP | 7.7 mm / 0.304″ | 28 |
| 1/8 Intshi BSP | 9.7 mm / 0.383″ | 28 |
| 1/4 Intshi BSP | 13.16 mm / 0.518″ | 19 |
| 3/8 Intshi BSP | 16.66 mm / 0.656″ | 19 |
| 1/2 Intshi BSP | 20.99 mm / 0.825″ | 14 |
| 5/8 Intshi BSP | 22.99 mm / 0.902″ | 14 |
| 3/4 Intshi BSP | 26.44 mm / 1.041″ | 14 |
| 7/8 Intshi BSP | 30.20 mm / 1.189″ | 14 |
| 1 Intshi BSP | 33.25 mm / 1.309″ | 11 |
| 1-1/4 Intshi BSP | 41.91 mm / 1.650″ | 11 |
| 1-1/2 Intshi BSP | 47.80 mm / 1.882' | 11 |
| 2 intshi BSP | 59.61 mm / 2.347″ | 11 |
| 2-1/4 Intshi BSP | 65.71 mm / 2.587″ | 11 |
| 2-1/2 Intshi BSP | 75.18 mm / 2.96″ | 11 |
| 3 Intshi BSP | 87.88 mm / 3.46″ | 11 |
| 4 Intshi BSP | 113.03 mm / 4.45″ | 11 |
| 5 Intshi BSP | 138.43 mm / 5.45″ | 11 |
| 6 Intshi BSP | 163.83 mm / 6.45″ | 11 |
Okokugcina, i- British Standard Pipe Taper (BSPT) , eyaziwa njenge- R , intambo ecishiwe esetshenziswa ekuxhumekeni amaningi kwamapayipi . I-taper idala uphawu ngokuphoqelela imicu ibe yentambo yesilisa yintambo yesifazane , okuvumela ukuthi kulingane uketshezi. I-BSPT ivame kakhulu embonini yamandla amanzi , lapho ukuvimbela ukuvuza kubalulekile. I -engeli ecijile iqinisekisa ukuthi intambo ngayinye iqina iye kokulandelayo, ihlinzeka ngoxhumano oluthembekile yepayipi , lweshubhu , kanye nokuxhumana okufanelekile.
Kuleyo naleyo migqa yeBritish Whitworth , ukuhlonza kubalulekile. Amathuluzi afana ne- pitch gauge noma i-caliper avame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhomba uhlobo lwentambo nosayizi. Ukuqonda amapharamitha ejiyomethri ale micu, ukusuka kububanzi obukhulu ukuya kububanzi bephimbo , kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana nokusebenza kumasethingi anentambo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusemishinini yomlando noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanje, i-British Standard Threads ihlala ibalulekile ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene, imi eduze kwezinye izinhlobo ezibalulekile zentambo njengezinhlobo zentambo ye-ISO , Intambo ye-Metric ISO , nezinhlobo zentambo yaseMelika..
Imicu yamapayipi ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuxhuma okungavuzi ekufakweni kwamapayipi namagesi. Asebenza njengengxenye ebalulekile ekuhlanganiseni amapayipi, ama-valve, nokufakwa ngokuphephile. Usayizi wochungechunge ubalulekile kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, njengoba kufanele uvumelane nezinga lokugeleza nezidingo zokucindezela zohlelo.
Uma sikhuluma ngezintambo zamapayipi , sivame ukubhekisela ezinhlotsheni ezimbili ezihlukene: intambo e-tapered kanye nentambo ye-conical . Intambo ecijile , eyaziwa nangokuthi i-National Taper Pipe (NPT) , kancane kancane iyancipha ububanzi ukusuka ekugcineni eyodwa, ihlinzeka ngokuvala okuqinile njengoba izintambo zihlanganyela. Imicu ye-Conical iyafana kodwa inomumo wekhoni omncane, okwengeza amandla engeziwe ekuxhumekeni.
Imicu yamapayipi anama-tapered ivame ukusetshenziswa embonini yamandla oketshezi . Bakha uphawu ngokuphazanyiswa kwemicu. I-pipe dope noma itheyiphu ye-Teflon ivamise ukusebenza njengama-ejenti wokuvala ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhumana okungavuzi.
Ngokuphambene, imicu yamapayipi e-conical ayivamile kakhulu kodwa isabalulekile. Ngokuvamile zitholakala ezinhlelweni ezithile lapho ingcindezi namandla emishini iphakeme.
Ukuhlonzwa kochungechunge kubalulekile ekunakekeleni nasekuhlanganiseni amasistimu amapayipi. I -pitch gauge noma i-caliper ingasetshenziswa ukukhomba uhlobo lwentambo nosayizi. Isibonelo, i-American Pipe Threads kanye ne-SAE Unified Threads yizinhlobo zezintambo ezivamile ezinezici ezihlukile.
Izinhlobo zezintambo zaseMelika njenge -NPT zisetshenziswa kabanzi kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Melika. Balandela indinganiso yentambo Ehlanganisiwe , ehlanganisa i-Unified National Coarse Thread (UNC) kanye ne -Unified National Fine Thread (UNF).
Imicu ye -British Standard Pipe Taper (BSPT) kanye ne -British Standard Whitworth (BSW) , okuhlanganisa i-British Standard Whitworth Coarse (BSWC) , izinhlobo zezintambo zase-British ezinokusetshenziswa okukhethekile, ikakhulukazi e-United Kingdom namazwe e-Commonwealth.
Ububanzi bephimbo buyisilinganiso lomcu wepayipi esibalulekile. Ububanzi ubukhulu besilinda esicatshangelwayo lapho bentambo bulingana nesikhala sentambo . Ukuze uthole izilinganiso ezinembile, -pitch gauge noma i-caliper . kusetshenziswa i
Izintambo zesilisa kanye nezintambo zesifazane amagama asetshenziswa ukuchaza ububanzi bentambo yangaphandle kanye nentambo yangaphakathi , ngokulandelanayo. Imicu yesilisa itholakala ngaphandle kwamapayipi noma izinto ezifakwayo, kuyilapho izintambo zesifazane zingaphakathi.
Izintambo ezingakwesokudla ziyindinganiso embonini, lapho uchungechunge luqina ngokwewashi. Imicu engakwesokunxele ayivamile futhi iqina ngokuphambene newashi.
l Njalo sebenzisa i -pitch gauge uqinisekise ukuphakama kwentambo nobubanzi ukuze .
l Qinisekisa ukuthi imicu ecijile ivalwe ngokwanele nge- ejenti yokuvala.
l Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinomfutho ophezulu, cabangela imicu eqinile ukuze ibe namandla athuthukisiwe.
l Qaphela izindinganiso zemboni zohlobo oluthile lokufakwa osebenza kulo.
l Sebenzisa inqubo efanele yokuhlonza intambo ukuze uvimbele ukuxhumana okungafani.
Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwentambo yamapayipi acijile kanye ne-conical kubalulekile kunoma ubani osezinkambu zokufaka amapayipi noma igesi. efanele Ukuhlonza intambo nokukhetha kungavimbela ukuvuza, kuqinisekise ubuqotho besistimu, futhi kugcine amazinga okuphepha kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile.
Uma kuziwa ezinhlotsheni zezintambo, iningi lethu lijwayele izinhlobo ezivamile esihlangabezana nazo ezintweni zansuku zonke njengamabhawudi namantongomane. Kodwa-ke, kunomhlaba wezinhlobo zezintambo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidlala indima ebalulekile ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene. Ake singene kwezinye zalezi zinhlobo zezintambo ezithuthukisiwe kanye nezicelo zazo ezikhethekile.
Imicu ye-Acme iyaziwa ngesimo sayo se-trapezoidal, okuyenza ibe namandla futhi ifanelekele kangcono imithwalo esindayo kunemicu yesikulufu evamile . Avame ukutholakala kumadivayisi afana ne-vices namajack lapho amandla nokuqina kubaluleke kakhulu.
Izintambo ze-knuckle zihlukile nge-crest yazo eyindilinga nezimpande. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho izintambo zingase zivezwe ekuphathweni kabi noma zidinga ukuhlanzeka kalula, njengasembonini yokudla neziphuzo..
Imicu ye-Buttress inomklamo ovumela ukudluliswa kwamandla aphezulu ohlangothini olulodwa. Ziwuchungechunge lokuya kuzo lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nokucindezela lapho udinga khona imicu ukuze ubambe amandla amaningi ngendlela yomugqa.
Izintambo zezikelemu zibalulekile ezinhlelweni lapho ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kudinga ukuguqulwa kube umugqa. Ayingxenye ebalulekile kumasistimu egiya, njengalawo atholakala kumathuluzi okushuna noma amakheshi.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwentambo ethuthukisiwe lufeza inhloso ethile, evame ukuhambisana nezidingo zezimboni ezithile.
l Izintambo ze-Acme aziqinile nje; futhi zinikeza ukunemba, okuzenza zilungele imboni yamandla oketshezi.
l Izintambo ze-nuckle, namandla azo okumelana nomonakalo, zibalulekile emkhakheni wezolimo lapho imishini ibhekene nezimo ezinzima.
l Izintambo ze-Buttress zibalulekile emishinini yensimbi ngenxa yekhono lazo lokumelana ne-axial thrust ephezulu.
l Izintambo zezikelemu ziwumgogodla wezinhlelo zokulawula ukunyakaza , zidlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni efana nezimoto kanye ne-aerospace.
Izinhlobo zezintambo ezithuthukisiwe azigcini nje ngokusebenza; zimayelana nokunemba nokuthembeka ezindaweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
l Imboni yezokundiza incike kulezi zintambo ezikhethekile ngokuphepha nokusebenza kwezingxenye zezindiza.
l Embonini yasolwandle , ukuqina kwalezi zintambo kubalulekile ukuze zimelane nezimo zamanzi anosawoti adlayo.
l Umkhakha wezokwelapha usebenzisa izintambo ezithuthukile kumishini esindisa ukuphila, lapho ukwehluleka kungeyona inketho.
l Umkhakha wezamandla uncike kulezi zintambo ukuze kugcinwe futhi kusetshenziswe imishini esindayo.
Nakuba izinhlobo zemicu evamile njenge -ISO metric thread noma i-American Pipe Threads zaziwa kakhulu, yilezi zintambo ezithuthukisiwe ezivame ukuthatha ukukhanya ezinhlelweni ezikhethekile. Usayizi womucu ubalulekile , kanjalo nohlobo lomucu osetshenzisiwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi intambo ye-Acme ku-lathe noma intambo ye-Worm ku-gearbox, ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo zezintambo ezibalulekile kubalulekile konjiniyela nochwepheshe kuzo zonke izimboni. Ukukhetha intambo efanele—kungaba intambo ehambisanayo noma intambo ecijile —kungenza umehluko ekusebenzeni nasekuphileni isikhathi eside kwezingxenye ezinentambo.
Ukuqonda amapharamitha wejometri wentambo kubalulekile kunoma ubani osebenza ngezingxenye ezinentambo . Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usembonini yamandla e-fluid noma usebenzelana nezixhumi zokubopha intambo , ukwazi la mapharamitha kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nokusebenza.
Idayamitha enkulu ibhekisela kububanzi bento obukhulukazi bomucu oyisikulufa . Iwububanzi obungaphandle bentambo yowesilisa noma ububanzi obukhulu kunabo bonke bocu lwesifazane . Ngokuphambene, ububanzi obuncane buwububanzi obuncane kakhulu bentambo. Ububanzi besilinda esicatshangelwayo esithinta nje ama- crests entambo ochungechungeni lwangaphandle noma i- groove yentambo kuntambo yangaphakathi . Usayizi wentambo ubalulekile ; ngakho-ke, ukulungisa la ma-diameter kubalulekile.
I- diameter ye-pitch iyipharamitha ebalulekile ephakathi kwamadiamitha amakhulu namancane. Iwububanzi besilinda esicatshangelwayo se-co-axial lapho ibanga elisuka kububanzi bephimbo linqamula ohlangothini olulodwa ukuya kuphimbo lwentambo ngakolunye uhlangothi lilingana. I- diameter ye-pitch ibalulekile njengoba isiza ukuqoka intambo futhi iqinisekise uxhumano olufanele.
Ukuphakama kochungechunge ibanga eliwumugqa phakathi ezimbili ezincikene kwezindawo kuchungechunge lwendiza eyi-axial . Kuyisilinganiso esiqondile senani lezintambo ngobude beyunithi ngayinye futhi ibalulekile ekuhlonzweni kochungechunge . Kusistimu ye-metric , ukuphakama kuchazwa ngamamilimitha, kuyilapho kumasistimu asekelwe kuyunithi yombuso njenge -SAE Unified Threads noma i-American Pipe Threads , ivezwa njengenombolo yochungechunge iyintshi ngayinye. Ama-pitch gauge avame ukusetshenziselwa ukukala leli pharamitha ngokunembile.
Umthofu yibanga elihanjwa intambo yesikulufu ku-eksisi yayo ngokuzungezisa okukodwa okuphelele. Ngesikulufu esinomucu owodwa, umthofu uyafana nephimbo. Kodwa-ke, ngesikulufu esinemicu ekabili , umthofu uphinda kabili iphimbo. Lo mqondo ubalulekile ezinhlelweni ezidinga inzuzo yomshini.
I -engeli yezinyo , eyaziwa nangokuthi i -engeli enentambo , i-engeli ephakathi kwezinhlangothi zomucu . Izinhlobo ezihlukene zochungechunge njenge -Metric ISO imiluko , yaseBritish Whitworth , noma indinganiso yochungechunge Oluhlanganisiwe inama-engeli ajwayelekile ahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, imicu yemethrikhi ivamise ukuba ne -engeli engu -60-degree , kuyilapho imicu ye-British Standard Whitworth Coarse ine -engeli engu -55-degree . kanye Ukuma kwezinyo ne-engeli kuthinta i -geometry yentambo namandla ayo.
Amapharamitha wejiyomethri afana nobubanzi , obukhulu obuncane be , -pitch , yentambo yochungechunge lobubanzi , kanye ne-engeli yezinyo adlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwentambo . Lawa mapharamitha asetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zemicu, okuhlanganisa intambo ecijile ehambisanayo , izinhlobo , zemicu ye-ISO , kanye nezinhlobo zentambo yaseMelika . Ukuqonda kahle nokulinganisa lezi zinhlaka kusetshenziswa amathuluzi afana nama-caliper nama -pitch gauge kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe inqubo elungile yokuhlonza uchungechunge nokuhambisana kokufakwa njengepayipi kwepayipi , lokufakwa , nokufakwa kwamashubhu . Khumbula, emhlabeni wezintambo , ukunemba kuyisihluthulelo.
Uma usebenzisana nochungechunge , kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ngabe usebenza ngezinhlobo zochungechunge oluhambisanayo noma olucijile . Imicu ehambisanayo igcina ububanzi obufanayo ukusuka ekugcineni ukuya ekupheleni, kuyilapho imicu ecijile incipha, iba mincane ukuya ekugcineni. Ukuze ubahlukanise, bhekisisa. Izintambo ezihambisanayo zizobonakala zifana, kuyilapho izintambo ezicijile zizobonakala zihlangana.
Ukuze uthole indlela yobuchwepheshe, sebenzisa i- caliper . Linganisa ububanzi emaphoyintini ahlukene wentambo. Uma izilinganiso zifana, intambo ehambisanayo . Uma zehla, unentambo ecijile . Embonini yamandla e-fluid , ukuqaphela lo mehluko kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni uxhumano olufanele.
Iphimbo - lentambo ibanga eliphakathi kwama crest awo. Ukuze ulinganise lokhu, uzosebenzisa i- pitch gauge . Leli thuluzi linama-blade ahlukahlukene, ngalinye linenombolo ehlukile yamazinyo iyintshi ngayinye. Mane uqondanise i-gauge nama-thread crests. Uma ilingana kahle, uthole iphimbo lakho . Lesi sinyathelo siyisihluthulelo kuzo zombili izintambo zemethrikhi nezinhlobo zezintambo zaseMelika.
Ukuze unqume usayizi wentambo , kala ububanzi obukhulu — ububanzi obukhulu bezinto ezibonakalayo bomucu owesilisa noma ububanzi bangaphandle bocu lwesifazane. Sebenzisa i- caliper ukuze uthole ukunemba. Okulandelayo, hlola iphrofayili yochungechunge . Lokhu kuhlanganisa umumo wezinyo kanye ne-geometry . yochungechunge lwe-Metric ISO kanye ne-SAE Unified Threads izinhlobo zochungechunge ezivamile , ngayinye inamaphrofayela ahlukile.
Okokugcina, khetha intambo ngokwezindinganiso zomkhakha. Uzodinga ukwazi kwephrofayela kasayizi , ukuphakama , nokuthi ingabe intambo engakwesokudla noma esesandleni sobunxele . Amazinga ajwayelekile afaka intambo yemethrikhi ye-ISO , i-British Standard Whitworth Coarse , kanye ne -Unified National Coarse Thread . Ngaso sonke isikhathi bheka izindinganiso zemboni ukuze uqoke ngokunembile uchungechunge.
Usayizi we- hread ubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni intambo efanele yokufaka izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nokufakwa kwepayipi nezihlungi ze-compressor condensate . efanele Ukuhlonza intambo kuyisisekelo sokulungiswa okubikezelwayo kanye nokuqeqeshwa kobuchwepheshe ezimbonini ezithembele ezingxenyeni ezinentambo.
Lapho ukhetha uchungechunge lwephrojekthi yakho, kunezici ezimbalwa ezisebenzayo. Kubalulekile ukucabangela lokusebenza , ukuhambisana kwezinto zohlelo , namazinga omkhakha . Nansi incazelo yalokho okufanele ukukhumbule:
1. Ukuhlonza Uchungechunge : Kubalulekile ukuhlonza uhlobo lochungechunge ngendlela efanele. Sebenzisa i -pitch gauge ukuze unqume ukuphakama kwentambo kanye ne- caliper ukukala ububanzi obukhulu.
2. Izinhlobo Ezihlukene : Yazi izinhlobo zentambo evamile . Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izintambo ze-ISO ziyizinhlobo , zezintambo zaseMelika , noma imicu ye-British Whitworth , ngayinye inokusetshenziswa kwayo okukhethekile.
3. I-Fluid-Power Industry : Uma ukulo mkhakha, i-SAE Unified Threads ingase ibe yindlela yakho yokuya kuyo. Zenzelwe izimo ezinengcindezi ephezulu.
4. Izindaba Zosayizi Womucu : Njalo qinisekisa ukuthi usayizi womucu uhambisana noxhumano olufanelekile . Usayizi ongalungile ungaholela ekuvuzeni noma ekulimaleni kwengxenye.
5. Intambo ehambisanayo vs. Intambo eqoshiwe : Qonda umehluko. Imicu ehambisanayo igcina ububanzi obufanayo, kuyilapho imicu ecijile incipha. Lokhu kuthinta uphawu nendlela abaqoka ngayo intambo.
6. I-Pitch Diameter : I- pitch diameter iyipharamitha ebalulekile yejometri. Kuyisilinda esicatshangelwayo lapho ibanga phakathi kwemicu lilingana.
l Izintambo Ezingafani : Gwema ukusebenzisa intambo yesilisa enomucu ongalungile wesifazane . Lokhu kungahlubula imicu noma kubangele ukungalingani kahle.
l Ukuziba Isiqondiso Sesandla : Imicu engakwesokudla ivame kakhulu, kodwa izintambo ezingakwesokunxele zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezithile. Ungawaxubani.
l Amazinga Angaqapheli : Izindinganiso zomkhakha , njengezinga lentambo Elihlanganisiwe noma intambo yemethrikhi ye-ISO , aqinisekisa ukuhambisana. Ungabanaki.
l Indaba Yokunganaki : Izinto zokubopha intambo kufanele zifane nezingxenye ezizixhumayo. Izinto ezingahambelani zingagqwala noma zehluleke.
l Ukukhohlwa Amathuluzi Okuhlonza Uchungechunge : Amathuluzi afana negeji yokulinganisa intambo abalulekile. Basiza ukugwema amaphutha ekuhlonzweni kochungechunge.
Khumbula, inqubo yokuhlonza intambo akufanele ithathwe kalula. Kuyisisekelo soxhumano oluvikelekile nolusebenzayo. Isibonelo, embonini yamandla asetshenziswayo, ukusebenzisa uhlobo lwentambo engalungile ekufakweni kwepayipi noma ukufakwa kwamashubhu kungaholela ekuvuzeni okuyinhlekelele.
Ukukhetha uhlobo lwentambo efanele kusho ukucabangela ukwakheka kwentambo. Ngokuxhunywa kwamapayipi, i-National Taper Pipe (NPT) kanye ne-British Standard Pipe Taper (BSPT) ziyizinhlobo zochungechunge ezibalulekile. Basebenzisa imicu yamapayipi e-tapered kanye ne-conical ukuze bavale uphawu oluqinile.
Ngokuphambene, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga imicu efanayo zingasebenzisa intambo yemethrikhi ye-ISO noma i-Unified National Coarse Thread (UNC). Lokhu kuqinisekisa ububanzi obungaphandle obuvumelanayo eduze kwezingxenye ezinentambo.
Okokugcina, ungakhohlwa ngokulungiswa okubikezelwayo nokuqeqeshwa kobuchwepheshe. Ukuhlala uphambili nge-IoT yezimboni kungakusiza ukuthi ukhethe uhlobo olulungile lwentambo futhi ululondoloze ngempumelelo. Futhi nakuba izihlungi ze-compressor condensate zingabonakala zingahlobene, nazo zithembele ekukhetheni intambo efanele ukuze zisebenze kahle.
Sidabule umhlaba oyinkimbinkimbi wezintambo, sihlola ama-nuances enza uhlobo ngalunye luhluke. Kusukela ku-American Pipe Threads kuya ku-Metric ISO Threads, ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zezintambo akuyona nje imfundo-kuyisidingo esingokoqobo. Ezimbonini ezifana namandla-amanzi noma ezokukhiqiza, ukwazi i-SAE Unified Threads yakho kusuka ku-British Whitworth Threads yakho kungasho umehluko phakathi kokulingana okuphelele kanye nephutha elibizayo.
Cabanga ngalokhu kubizelwa esenzweni: sebenzisa amakhono akho okuhlonza intambo ukuze uthuthukise umsebenzi wakho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uklama okokufakwa kwepayipi noma ukhetha ipayipi elilungile lokufakwa kwamashubhu, khumbula ukuthi usayizi wentambo ubalulekile. Nge-pitch gauge kanye ne-caliper esandleni, uhlonyiselwe ukuqoka intambo ngokuzethemba.
Kulabo abasensimini, inqubo yokuhlonza intambo ayikona nje ukuthola uxhumano olufanele; imayelana nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle. Izindinganiso zemboni zikhona ukuze zisiqondise, futhi amathuluzi afana negeji ye- thread pitch gauge asiza ekugcineni lawo mazinga. Khumbula, izinhlobo zezintambo zingaphezu nje kohlu lwamagama—ziwulimi lwazo, ulimi olukhuluma ubuqotho bayo yonke intambo efanelekile.
Sengiphetha, izinhlobo zezintambo ezibalulekile—Intambo ehambisanayo, intambo ecijile, izinhlobo zentambo ye-ISO, izinhlobo zezintambo zaseMelika, kanye ne-British Standard Threads—kuyizingqimba zokwakha zezicelo ezingenakubalwa. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka nge-Industrial IoT kanye nokugcinwa kokubikezela, ngokunjalo nolwazi lwethu lokuklama intambo.
