Iimboniselo: 213 uMbhali: Ixesha lokupapasha loMhleli weSiza: 2023-08-22 Imvelaphi: Isiza
Ukufakwa kombhobho kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okukhuselekileyo nokusebenzayo kolwelo neegesi. Ukususela kwimizi-mveliso ukuya kwiindawo zokwakha, ezi zinto zifakelweyo zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezidibanisa imibhobho nezixhobo, ezivumela ukusebenza ngokungenamthungo. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo lokufakelwa kombhobho kubaluleke ngokulinganayo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthintela ukuvuza okunokwenzeka okanye ukungaphumeleli. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlolisisa ukuthelekisa phakathi kwe-DIN kunye ne-SAE yokufakelwa kwe-hose, imigangatho emibini esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini. Ukuqonda umahluko kunye neenzuzo zohlobo ngalunye kuya kunceda amashishini enze izigqibo ezinolwazi xa kuziwa ekukhetheni ezona zinto zifanelekileyo kwizicelo zabo. Nokuba ukwicandelo leemoto, ihydraulic, okanye ishishini, eli nqaku liza kubonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo kwihlabathi lofakelo lombhobho kwaye likuncede wenze ukhetho olufanelekileyo kwimisebenzi yakho.
I-DIN imele i-Deutsches Institut für Normung, eguqulela kwi-German Institute for Standardization kwisiNgesi. Ingumbutho owaziwayo obeka imigangatho yobugcisa kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Imigangatho ye-DIN isetyenziswa kakhulu eJamani nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Xa kuziwa kwi-hose fittings, i-DIN ibhekisela kwisethi ethile yemigangatho elawula ukuyila kunye nobukhulu bezi zixhobo. Le migangatho iqinisekisa ukuhambelana kunye nokutshintshana phakathi kwabavelisi abahlukeneyo, okwenza kube lula kubasebenzisi ukuba bafumane ukufakwa kombhobho ofanelekileyo kwiimfuno zabo ezithile.
Izixhobo zokufakelwa kombhobho we-DIN ziyaziwa ngoyilo lwazo oluqinileyo kunye nokwakhiwa komgangatho ophezulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe ngezinto ezifana nentsimbi engatyiwa, ubhedu, okanye intsimbi yekhabhoni, enika ukuqina kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola. Izinto ezifakelweyo ziyilelwe ukwenza uqhagamshelo olukhuselekileyo kunye nokuvuza okungavuziyo phakathi kwemibhobho kunye namanye amacandelo. Babonisa uxhulumaniso olunentambo, oluvumela ukufakwa lula kunye nokususwa. Uyilo lwezixhobo ze-DIN luqinisekisa ukutywinwa okuqinileyo, ukuthintela nayiphi na i-fluid okanye ukuvuza kwegesi. Ngaphezu koko, ezi zixhobo ziyakwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye namaqondo okushisa, okwenza ukuba zilungele uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.
Izixhobo ze-DIN hose zifumana izicelo kumashishini ahlukeneyo ngenxa yokuthembeka kunye nokuhambelana kwazo. Elinye lamashishini aphambili asebenzisa kakhulu ukufakwa kwe-DIN lishishini leemoto. Ezi zifakelo ziqhele ukufunyanwa kwiinkqubo zamanzi, iintambo zamafutha, kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa zezithuthi. Ishishini le-aerospace likwathembele kwi-DIN yokufakelwa kwiinkqubo zabo ze-hydraulic ye-aircraft, imigca yepetroli, kunye ne-pneumatic systems. Ukongeza, ishishini lokuvelisa lisebenzisa ukufakwa kwe-DIN koomatshini kunye nezixhobo ezifuna ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi okanye igesi. Amanye amacandelo, afana nezolimo, ulwakhiwo, kunye ne-oyile kunye negesi, nawo asebenzisa ukufakwa kwe-DIN kwizicelo zabo.
Izixhobo ze-DIN ze-hose zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi ezenza zibe zikhetho ezikhethiweyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Okokuqala, uyilo lwabo olusemgangathweni luqinisekisa ukuhambelana kunye nokutshintshiselana, okuvumela ukutshintshwa nokugcinwa lula. Oku kunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Okwesibini, ukwakhiwa okuqinileyo kwezixhobo ze-DIN kunika ukuqina kunye nokuchasana nokugqoka kunye nokukrazula, okubangelwa ubomi obude benkonzo. Ukongeza, isitywina esiluqilima esibonelelwa zezi zifakelo sinciphisa umngcipheko wokuvuza, ukuthintela iingozi ezinokubakho kunye nomonakalo wokusingqongileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezingeloncedo ezimbalwa ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa usebenzisa i-DIN hose fittings. Enye yeengxaki eziphambili kukufumaneka kwazo okulinganiselweyo kwimimandla ethile engaphandle kweYurophu. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima ukufumana ukufakwa kwe-DIN kwiindawo apho eminye imigangatho ixhaphake kakhulu. Enye into engalunganga lixabiso eliphezulu lokuqala xa kuthelekiswa nokufakelwa kwemigangatho engekho mgangathweni. Ubunjineli obuchanekileyo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho ye-DIN negalelo kwithegi yexabiso eliphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, iinzuzo zexesha elide kunye nokuhambelana kugqithisa utyalo-mali lokuqala kumashishini amaninzi.
I-SAE imele i-Society of Automotive Engineers, umbutho owaziwayo kwihlabathi jikelele ophuhlisa kwaye umisele imigangatho kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa amashishini eemoto kunye ne-hydraulic. Izixhobo ze-SAE hose fittings zihambelana nemigangatho ebekwe ngulo mbutho. Ezi zixhobo ziyilelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kunye nokutshintshiselana phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo ze-hydraulic, ezifana ne-hoses, iityhubhu kunye nezihlanganisi.
Izixhobo ze-SAE hose ziyaziwa ngoyilo lwazo oluqinileyo kunye nokusebenza okuthembekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe ngezinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifana nentsimbi engatyiwayo okanye ubhedu, ezibonelela ngokuqina okugqwesileyo kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola. Ezi zifakelo zibandakanya uyilo lwentambo ye tapered, evumela uqhagamshelo oluqinileyo nolukhuselekileyo. Ukongeza, izixhobo ze-SAE zihlala zibandakanya i-O-rings okanye iiwasha zokutywina ukuthintela ukuvuza kunye nokuqinisekisa inkqubo yehydraulic engavuziyo.
Enye yeempawu eziphambili zokufakelwa kombhobho we-SAE kukuguquguquka kwazo. Zifumaneka ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye noqwalaselo, ukuvumela uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Nokuba yinkqubo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwehydraulic okanye i-low-pressure system yepneumatic, kukho i-SAE ehambelana nomsebenzi. Ngaphezu koko, ukufakwa kwe-SAE kunokwamkela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemibhobho, kubandakanywa irabha, i-thermoplastic, kunye ne-PTFE hoses, ezenza ukuba ziqhelane kakhulu neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokuhambisa ulwelo.
Izixhobo ze-SAE hose zifumana ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini axhomekeke kwiinkqubo ze-hydraulic ekusebenzeni kwazo. Olunye ushishino olulolo hlobo lishishini lokwakha, apho iinkqubo zokusebenzisa amanzi aphantsi komhlaba zisetyenziswa koomatshini abanzima abafana nabagrumba, iikhreyini, nezilayishi. Izixhobo ze-SAE ziqinisekisa uxhulumaniso olungenamthungo lwemibhobho ye-hydraulic, evumela ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okusebenzayo kunye nolawulo oluchanekileyo lwaba matshini.
Icandelo lezolimo lelinye ishishini elisebenzisa kakhulu imibhobho yeSAE. Ukusukela kwiitrektara ukuya kwizivuni, iinkqubo zamanzi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizixhobo zokulima zale mihla. Izixhobo ze-SAE zibonelela ngeendawo zokudibanisa eziyimfuneko kwi-hoses ye-hydraulic, eyenza ukusebenza kakuhle kwemisebenzi ye-hydraulic efana nokuphakamisa, ukuqhubela phambili kunye nokuphumeza ukulawula.
Ishishini lemveliso likwathembele kakhulu kwiisistim zamanzi, kwaye ukufakwa kwe-SAE yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezi nkqubo. Nokuba yi-hydraulic press, i-conveyor system, okanye umgca wokuhlanganisa i-robotic, izifakelo ze-SAE ziqinisekisa ukuhamba okufanelekileyo kolwelo olwenziwa ngamanzi, okwenza ukuba ulawulo oluchanekileyo kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwezi nkqubo zemizi-mveliso.
Enye yeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo zofakelo lombhobho we-SAE luyilo olusemgangathweni. Ekubeni i-SAE ibeka imigangatho yolu fakelo, iqinisekisa ukuhambelana kunye nokutshintshiselana phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo. Oku kulungelelaniswa kwenza kube lula inkqubo yokukhetha kunye nokutshintshwa kwezinto ezifakelweyo, ukunciphisa ixesha lokunciphisa kunye neendleko zokulondoloza. Ikwavumela ukufunwa lula kwamalungu atshintshiweyo, njengoko ukufakwa kwe-SAE kufumaneka ngokubanzi kubavelisi abohlukeneyo.
Enye inzuzo ye-SAE hose fittings kukuthembeka kwabo. Uyilo olomeleleyo kunye nezinto ezisemgangathweni ezisetyenzisiweyo ekwakhiweni kwazo zibenza baxhathise ukunxiba, ukubola kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu. Oku kuthembeka kuguqulela ekukhuseleni okwandisiweyo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwenkqubo ye-hydraulic. Ukongeza, uqhagamshelo oluluqilima nolungavuziyo olubonelelwa zizifakelo ze-SAE lunciphisa ilahleko yolwelo kwaye luthintele ukungcoliseka kwendalo.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezingeloncedo ezimbalwa ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa usebenzisa i-SAE hose fittings. Enye yazo luluhlu olulinganiselweyo lobungakanani obukhoyo kunye noqwalaselo. Ngelixa izifakelo ze-SAE zibandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, kusenokubakho iimeko apho kufuneka ufakelo olungekho mgangathweni. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, izixhobo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso okanye i-adapters zinokuba yimfuneko, ezinokongeza ubunzima kunye neendleko kwi-hydraulic system.
Enye into engalunganga yinto enokwenzeka yokulimala kwentambo ngexesha lofakelo okanye ukususwa. Uyilo lwentambo ye-tapered ye-SAE fittings ifuna ukuphathwa ngononophelo ukuthintela ukuwela umsonto okanye ukuqina, oku kunokukhokelela kumonakalo wentambo kunye nokudityaniswa kokudibanisa. Uqeqesho olufanelekileyo kunye nokubambelela kwiinkqubo ezicetyiswayo zofakelo ziyimfuneko ukuphepha imiba enjalo.
Xa kuziwa kwi-hose fittings, kubalulekile ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwe-DIN kunye nokufakwa kwe-SAE ngokubhekiselele kuyilo kunye nokwakhiwa. I-DIN kunye ne-SAE yimigangatho emibini eyahlukeneyo elawula ukuveliswa kwezixhobo ze-hose, kwaye nganye ineempawu zayo ezizodwa.
Izixhobo ze-DIN, ezimele i-Deutsches Institut für Normung (Iziko laseJamani leMigangatho), zisetyenziswa kakhulu eYurophu kwaye zaziwa ngolwakhiwo olukumgangatho ophezulu. Ezi zixhobo ziqhelekileyo zenziwe ngentsimbi okanye insimbi engenasici kwaye zenzelwe ukumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye neemeko zobushushu. Uyilo lwezixhobo ze-DIN lubandakanya uxhulumaniso olunentambo, oluvumela uxhulumaniso olukhuselekileyo kunye nokuvuza okungenakuvuza phakathi kwe-hose kunye nokufaneleka. Olu xhulumaniso olunentambo luqinisekisa ukuba ukulungelelaniswa kuhlala kwindawo naphantsi kweemeko ezinzima, okwenza ukuba i-DIN ifake ukhetho oludumileyo kwizicelo ezifuna ukuqina kunye nokuthembeka.
Kwelinye icala, izixhobo ze-SAE, ezimele uMbutho weeNjineli zeeMoto, ziqhele ukusetyenziswa eMntla Melika kwaye zaziwa ngokuguquguquka kwazo kunye nokuhambelana kwazo. Izifakelo ze-SAE ziqhele ukwenziwa ngobhedu okanye i-aluminiyam kwaye ziyilelwe ukuba zibe khaphukhaphu kwaye kulula ukuzifaka. Ngokungafaniyo nezixhobo ze-DIN, izixhobo ze-SAE zisebenzisa uxhulumaniso loxinzelelo, oluvumela ukudibanisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokulula phakathi kwe-hose kunye nokufaneleka. Olu xhulumaniso loxinzelelo lufezekiswa ngokuqinisa i-nut kwi-fitting, ukudala itywina eliqinileyo elithintela ukuvuza. Ubulula boyilo olufanelekileyo lwe-SAE lwenza kube lukhetho oludumileyo kwizicelo ezifuna ukusetyenziswa lula kunye nokufakwa ngokukhawuleza.
Omnye umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-DIN kunye nokufakwa kwe-SAE ilele kwiiyantlukwano kwiintlobo zemisonto kunye nobukhulu. Ufakelo lwe-DIN lukholisa ukusebenzisa imisonto yemetric, elinganiswa ngeemilimitha. Le misonto ye-metric ibonelela ngoqhagamshelwano oluchanekileyo nolukhuselekileyo phakathi kombhobho kunye ne-fitting, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kuvuza okanye ukungaphumeleli. Ukusetyenziswa kweentambo ze-metric kwi-DIN fittings kwakhona kuvumela ukuguquguquka okulula, njengoko iintambo zisemgangathweni kwiifatithi ezahlukeneyo kunye nabavelisi.
Kwelinye icala, ukufakwa kwe-SAE ngokuqhelekileyo kusebenzisa imisonto ye-NPT (i-National Pipe Thread), elinganiswa ngee-intshi. Le misonto ye-NPT icociwe kwaye inika itywina eliqinileyo xa liqinisiwe, liqinisekisa uqhagamshelo olungavuziyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwemicu ye-NPT kwi-SAE fittings ivumela ukuhambelana neenkqubo ezikhoyo zemibhobho kunye nezixhobo ezisebenzisa iintambo ze-NPT. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba izixhobo ze-SAE zisenokungatshintshi njengezixhobo ze-DIN, njengoko ubungakanani bemisonto kunye neentlobo zinokwahluka phakathi kwabavelisi.
Omnye umehluko obalulekileyo phakathi kwe-DIN kunye nokufakwa kwe-SAE kukuhluka kwimilinganiselo yoxinzelelo kunye nomgangatho wokushisa. Izixhobo ze-DIN ziyaziwa ngoxinzelelo lwazo oluphezulu, okwenza ukuba zilungele izicelo ezifuna iinkqubo eziphezulu zoxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic. Ezi zixhobo zinokumelana noxinzelelo olusuka kwi-100 ukuya kwi-600 bar, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu kunye nohlobo lokulinganisa. Ukongezelela, izixhobo ze-DIN zinokusebenza kwiqondo lokushisa elibanzi, ukusuka -40 ° C ukuya + 100 ° C, okwenza ukuba zilungele izicelo zombini eziphantsi kunye neziphezulu.
Kwelinye icala, iifatisi ze-SAE zihlala zinemilinganiselo ephantsi yoxinzelelo xa kuthelekiswa nofakelo lwe-DIN. Ukulinganiswa koxinzelelo kwi-SAE fittings kunokusuka kwi-1500 ukuya kwi-6000 psi, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu kunye nohlobo lokulinganisa. Ngokufanayo, uluhlu lweqondo lobushushu lokufakwa kwe-SAE nalo luncinci, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka ku -40 ° F ukuya +250 ° F. Olu thintelo loxinzelelo kunye nobushushu lwenza ukuba izixhobo ze-SAE zifaneleke ngakumbi kwizicelo ezifuna uxinzelelo oluphantsi kunye neemeko zobushushu, ezifana nezicelo zemoto kunye nezoshishino.
Ngelixa zombini izifakelo ze-DIN kunye ne-SAE zineengenelo zazo ezizodwa, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kunokubakho imiba yokuhambelana xa usebenzisa ezi fakelo kunye. Ukwahluka kweentlobo zemisonto kunye nobukhulu, kunye nokwahluka kwimilinganiselo yoxinzelelo kunye nomgangatho wokushisa, kunokukwenza kube nzima ukuqhagamshela i-DIN kunye ne-SAE fittings ngaphandle komthungo.
Kwezinye iimeko, iiadaptha okanye izifakelo zotshintsho zinokufuna ukusetyenziswa ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kweDIN kunye nofakelo lwe-SAE. Ezi ziadaptha zivumela uxhulumaniso lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zentambo kunye nobukhulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuxhamla okukhuselekileyo kunye nokuvuza. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukubonisana nochwepheshe onolwazi okanye ubhekiselele kwizikhokelo zomenzi ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kunye nokhuseleko lokusebenzisa i-adapters.
Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni ukufakwa kombhobho kwisicelo sakho, kukho izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uziqwalasele. Ezi zinto ziya kuqinisekisa ukuba ukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo eziza kubonelela ngoqhagamshelwano olukhuselekileyo nolusebenzayo lwemibhobho yakho.
Enye yezinto eziphambili ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ukhetha ukufakwa kombhobho kukuqonda iimfuno ezithile zesicelo sakho. Oku kubandakanya ukuqwalasela uhlobo lolwelo okanye izinto eziza kuhamba ngeembobho, kunye noxinzelelo kunye neemeko zokushisa eziza kufakwa kuzo. Usetyenziso olwahlukeneyo lunokufuna iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zofakelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko.
Xa kufikwa kwi-hose fittings, ezimbini iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zifakelo ze-DIN kunye ne-SAE. Ukufakwa kwe-DIN kusetyenziswa kakhulu eYurophu, ngelixa izixhobo ze-SAE zisetyenziswa kakhulu kuMntla Melika. Ukhetho phakathi kwe-DIN kunye nofakelo lwe-SAE luya kuxhomekeka kwiimfuno zakho ezithile kunye nezinto ozikhethayo.
Ufakelo lwe-DIN, olukwabizwa ngokuba yi-German Industrial Standard fittings, luyaziwa ngoyilo lwazo oluqinileyo kunye nolwakhiwo olukumgangatho ophezulu. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya iimoto, ukuvelisa, kunye neenkqubo zamanzi. Izixhobo ze-DIN ziyaziwa ngokuhambelana kwazo kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwee-hoses kunye nokukwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye neemeko zokushisa. Ziyaziwa nangokulula kwazo ukufakela kunye nokusebenza okuthembekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukufakwa kwe-DIN kunokungafumaneki lula kuyo yonke imimandla kwaye kunokubiza kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nokufakwa kwe-SAE.
Ufakelo lwe-SAE, olukwabizwa ngokuba yi-Society of Automotive Engineers fittings, lusetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lweemoto kunye nezinye izicelo apho iinkqubo zehydraulic zixhaphakile. Ufakelo lwe-SAE luyaziwa ngoyilo lwazo olusemgangathweni kunye nokuhambelana nemibhobho ye-SAE. Ngokuqhelekileyo zifikeleleka ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nokufakwa kwe-DIN kwaye zifumaneka lula eMntla Melika. Izixhobo ze-SAE ziyaziwa ngokuhlala kwazo kunye nokuchasana nokungcangcazela, okuzenza zilungele izicelo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iimfuno ezithile zesicelo sakho ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe ukufakwa kwe-SAE, njengoko zisenokungalungeli zonke izicelo.
Ukongeza kwiimfuno ezithile zesicelo sakho, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukufumaneka kunye neendleko zokufakelwa kombhobho. Ngelixa izifakelo ze-DIN zinokubonelela ngokusebenza okuphezulu, zisenokungafumaneki lula kuyo yonke imimandla. Oku kunokukhokelela ekulibazisekeni ekufumaneni izifakelo kunye nokonyusa iindleko zeprojekthi. Kwelinye icala, iifatisi ze-SAE zifumaneka ngokubanzi kwaye ziyafikeleleka, nto leyo ezenza zibe lukhetho olulungele izicelo ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukufakwa kwe-SAE ekhethiweyo kuyahlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zesicelo sakho ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kunye nokhuseleko.
Xa kuziwa ekufakeni i-hose fittings, kukho izikhokelo ezimbalwa eziqhelekileyo ekufuneka zilandelwe ukuqinisekisa ukufaneleka okufanelekileyo nokukhuselekileyo. Okokuqala nokuphambili, kubalulekile ukukhetha ukufakwa okuchanekileyo kwisicelo esithile. Oku kubandakanya ukuqwalasela izinto ezifana nohlobo lombhobho osetyenziswayo, uxinzelelo kunye neemfuno zobushushu, kunye nayo nayiphi na imigangatho ethile yoshishino enokuthi isebenze. Emva kokuba kukhethwe ukufakwa okufanelekileyo, kubalulekile ukulungiselela ngokufanelekileyo i-hose kunye neendawo ezifanelekileyo. Oku kubandakanya ukucoca kunye nokuhlola zombini i-hose kunye nokulungelelaniswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba akhululekile kuyo nayiphi na inkunkuma, i-debris, okanye umonakalo onokuphazamisa ingqibelelo yoqhagamshelwano. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezichanekileyo kunye nobuchule bofakelo, njengezitshixo zetorque kunye neenkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokuqina, ukuthintela ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kokuqina okunokukhokelela ekuvuzeni okanye ukusilela.
Ukugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kokufakwa kombhobho kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuphila ixesha elide. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kufuneka kuqhutywe ukujonga naziphi na iimpawu zokuguga, umonakalo, okanye ukuvuza. Oku kuquka ukuphonononga izifakelo kuzo naziphi na iintanda, ukubola, okanye ukudityaniswa okuxekethileyo. Ukuba kukho imiba echongiweyo, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo akhawulezileyo ukulungisa ingxaki leyo. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukulandela ishedyuli yolondolozo ekhuthazwa ngumenzi, enokubandakanya imisebenzi efana nokuthambisa, ukucoca, okanye ukutshintshwa kwezinto ezigugileyo. Ngokuyigcina kakuhle imibhobho yokufakwa kwemibhobho, iingxaki ezinokubakho zinokuchongwa zize zisonjululwe ngaphambi kokuba zinyuke, kuncitshiswe umngcipheko wokuchitha ixesha elibiza imali eninzi, ukonakala kwezixhobo zokusebenza, okanye iingozi zokhuseleko.
Zombini izixhobo ze-DIN kunye ne-SAE zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo ngenxa yokuthembeka kunye nokuhambelana kwazo. Nangona kunjalo, njengazo naziphi na ezinye izinto zokufakelwa, banokuhlangabezana nemiba eqhelekileyo enokufuna ukulungisa ingxaki. Omnye umba oqhelekileyo kukuvuza, okunokuthi kwenzeke ngenxa yofakelo olungafanelekanga, izitywina ezigugileyo, okanye imicu eyonakele. Ukucombulula le ngxaki, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukufaneleka kwayo nayiphi na imiqondiso ebonakalayo yomonakalo okanye ukungahambi kakuhle. Ukuqinisa ukufakela okanye ukutshintshwa kwezitywina kunokuba yimfuneko ukusombulula ingxaki yokuvuza. Omnye umba oqhelekileyo kukonakala kwentambo, okunokubangelwa kukuqiniswa kakhulu okanye ukunqumla imisonto. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kunokufuneka ukubuyisela ukufakwa okanye ukulungisa imicu eyonakalisiweyo usebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nobuchule. Kubalulekile ukubonisana nezikhokelo zomenzi okanye ufune uncedo lobuchwephesha lokusombulula imiba ethile nge-DIN kunye nofakelo lwe-SAE.
Ukuhlolwa kwamaxesha athile kunye nokutshintshwa kwezinto zibalulekile ekugcineni imfezeko kunye nokusebenza kwezifakelo zemibhobho. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, izinto zokufakelwa zinokuba namava okugqoka kunye nokukrazula, ngakumbi kuxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye ubushushu obuphezulu. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kuvumela ukubhaqwa kwangethuba kwazo naziphi na iimpawu zokuwohloka, njengokuqhekeka, ukubola, okanye ukonakala. Ngokuchonga le miba kwangethuba, amanyathelo afanelekileyo anokuthathwa ukuthintela ukusilela okanye iingozi ezinokubakho. Ukongeza, ukutshintshwa kwamaxesha ngamaxesha okufakela kungafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yoshishino okanye ukulungiselela utshintsho kwiimfuno zenkqubo. Kubalulekile ukulandela iingcebiso zomenzi ngokuphindaphindiweyo kokuhlolwa kunye nokutshintshwa, kunye nokuqwalasela nayiphi na imo engqongileyo okanye izinto zokusebenza ezinokuchaphazela ixesha lokuphila kwezixhobo.
Ukuqukumbela, ukufakwa kombhobho we-DIN kunye ne-SAE kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo apho ukuthembeka, ukuhambelana, kunye nokusebenza kubalulekile. Izixhobo ze-DIN ziyaziwa ngokuhlala kwazo, ukudityaniswa okungavuziyo, kunye nokuchasana noxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye namaqondo obushushu, okubenza bathandwe kumashishini afana neemoto kunye ne-aerospace. Ufakelo lwe-SAE, kwelinye icala, lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo zamanzi ngenxa yoyilo olusemgangathweni, ukuthembeka, kunye nokuguquguquka. Xa ukhetha isilungelelanisi esifanelekileyo kwisicelo sakho, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela izinto ezinje ngoyilo, iindidi zemisonto, umlinganiselo woxinzelelo, amaqondo obushushu, kunye nemiba yokuhambelana. Ngokukhetha ukulungelelaniswa kwe-hose efanelekileyo kunye nokulandela izikhokelo ezifanelekileyo zokufakela kunye nokugcinwa, unokuqinisekisa uxhulumaniso olukhuselekileyo nolusebenzayo kunye nomngcipheko omncinci wokuvuza okanye ukungaphumeleli. Ngalo lonke ixesha ubeka phambili ukhuseleko kwaye udibane neengcali xa kufuneka ukugcina ukuthembeka kwezixhobo.
Umbuzo: Ngowuphi umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-DIN kunye nofakelo lwethumbu lwe-SAE?
A: Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-DIN kunye ne-SAE yokufakelwa kwe-hose ilele kuyilo kunye nemilinganiselo. Ufakelo lwe-DIN luqhelekile ngokwemetric kwaye lune-engile ye-cone eyi-24°, ngelixa izifakelo ze-SAE ziyi-engile kwaye zine-engile ye-cone eyi-37°. Ukongeza, izixhobo ze-DIN zihlala zinoyilo lwetywina olubanjwayo, ngelixa izixhobo ze-SAE zisebenzisa i-O-ring okanye i-metal-to-metal seal.
Q: Ngawaphi amashishini aqhele ukusebenzisa izifakelo ze-DIN hose?
A: Ukufakelwa kombhobho we-DIN ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa kumashishini afana nobunjineli be-hydraulic, ukuveliswa kweemoto, i-aerospace, kunye noomatshini abanzima. Ziyathandwa kakhulu kumazwe aseYurophu kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizicelo ezifuna ukudityaniswa koxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-hydraulic.
Umbuzo: Ngaba i-DIN kunye nofakelo lwethumbu lwe-SAE luyatshintshwa?
A: Ukufakwa kwe-DIN kunye ne-SAE hose ayitshintshi ngokubanzi ngenxa yoyilo kunye nobukhulu obuhlukeneyo. Ii-angles ze-cone kunye neendlela zokutywinwa ziyahluka phakathi kweentlobo ezimbini, okwenza kube nzima ukufezekisa uxhulumaniso olufanelekileyo. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezihambelana ne-hose kunye neenkcukacha zenkqubo ukuqinisekisa ukuxhamla okukhuselekileyo kunye nokuvuza.
Umbuzo: Ndingazikhetha njani izifakelo zemibhobho ezifanelekileyo kwisicelo sam?
A: Ukukhetha ukufakwa kombhobho ofanelekileyo kwisicelo sakho, qwalasela izinto ezifana nohlobo lolwelo oluhanjiswayo, iimfuno zoxinzelelo, udidi lobushushu, kunye nokuhambelana namanye amacandelo enkqubo. Qhagamshelana neenkcukacha zomenzi kunye nezikhokelo, okanye ufune iingcebiso kwingcali enolwazi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izifakelo zifanelekile kwisicelo sakho esithile.
Umbuzo: Zeziphi iingenelo zokusebenzisa imibhobho ye-SAE?
A: Ukufakwa kwe-hose hose ye-SAE kunika iingenelo ezininzi, kubandakanywa uluhlu olubanzi lweesayizi ezikhoyo, ukulinganiswa koxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye nokuhambelana okukhulu kunye nezixhobo ze-hydraulic ezenziwe eMelika. Zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kushishino lweemoto kunye nezinye izicelo apho imigangatho ye-SAE ikhethwa okanye ifuneka.
Umbuzo: Ndingasebenzisa izixhobo ze-DIN kunye nemibhobho ye-SAE, kwaye ngokuphambeneyo?
A: Ngokuqhelekileyo akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa izixhobo ze-DIN kunye ne-SAE hoses, kwaye ngokuphambene noko, ngenxa yokungafani koyilo kunye nemilinganiselo. Nangona kunjalo, kunokubakho iimeko ezithile apho iiadaptha okanye izixhobo zokuguqula zingasetyenziselwa ukudibanisa i-DIN kunye namacandelo e-SAE. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana okufanelekileyo kunye nokubonisana neengcali ukuphepha ukuvuza okunokwenzeka okanye ukungaphumeleli.
