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A Ruhua Hardware Likhokahano tsa rona li feta litlhaloso tsa vibration (IEC 60068-26) le fana ka likhokelo tse tšepahalang tse thibelang likopo tse theko e boima.

Nako ea nako ea boitsebiso ba marang-rang le liphoso tse sa buuoeng lifekthering

Marang-rang a majabamo a mangata (TSN)  a emela phetisetso ea nako ea nako ea ethernet ea ho iphetola ha lintho tse tloaelehileng ho tšehetsa ho hloka liqeto, puisano ea nako ea nnete e hlokahalang bakeng sa likopo tse hlokoang tsa tlhahiso. Melao ea TSN e kenyelletsa IEEE 822.1AS

Tsn o nolofalletsa lipheo tsa litente tse ka tlase ho 1 millilecond ha a ntse a ts'ehetsa mefuta ea sephethephethe sa sephethephethe ho ea marang-rang a tšoanang le moo. Bophahamo bo lumella bathepe ho kopanya marang-rang a arohaneng pele, ho fokotsa ho rarahana le litšenyehelo ha o ntse o ntlafatsa sehokelo sa sistimi.

Mekhoa ea sebui bakeng sa marang-rang a fektheri:

• Parallel Protocol (prp) - prp)  - e kopitsa sekhahla se seng se seng le se seng sa marang-rang tse peli tse ikemetseng

• Bonolo bo fumanehang se sephatlo se phahameng se sephatlo se phahameng se sephatlo se phahameng (HSR)  - e baka lintho tse peli tse nang le nako ea zero switchover

• Protocol ea medias Redundan (MRP)  - e fana ka ho hlaphoheloa ha ho hlaphoheloa likonopo tsa meru

• Protocol ea Setsi sa Seteishene sa France  )

Litlaleho tsa ho etsa tlhahiso ea marang-rang  tse kenyang maano a nepahetseng a sephetho li fihlela 99.9%, u ka etsa lidolara tse likete ka motsotso nakong ea liketsahalo tsa Dowentime tse sa reroang.

Tharollo ea marang-rang ea indasteri ea indasteri ea lekala la tlhahiso

Ke lipopae life tse lokelang ho ba litlokolelong tsa hau tsa RFP bakeng sa limpho tsa marang-rang tsa indasteri?

Barekisi ba Indasteri ea Indasteri ea Indasteri ea marang-rang le lipolanete ho lekola

Baeti ba Lits'ebeletso tsa indasteri ba fana ka litharollo tse khethehileng tse etselitsoeng tharollo ea lihlahisoa, e leng Ruihua Hardware ho netefatsa ts'ebetso ea marang-rang a tšepahalang:

• Ruihua  Hardware

• Cisco Inditerlical  - switch ea mekhahlelo e entsoeng ka matloana le lisebelisoa tsa ts'ireletso le tsamaiso ea setsi sa DNA; Tšebelisano e Matla le Rockwell Automation

• Scalanes Scalance  - e kopaneng le Tia Portal bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea tlhaho ea leoatle; Ts'ehetso e pharaletseng ea phaello

• Rockwell Automation Stratix  - Likoti tsa matsoalloa a Dotita E hlophisitsoe bakeng sa Allen-Bradley PLCS

• Moxa  - E ngotsoe ka marang-rang a Tikoloho ea Tikoloho ea Tikoloho ea Furiat - To-Ethernet

• Li-junicorks tsa juniper  - Ts'ebetso ea marang-rang ea ai-khannatn e nang le taolo ea mohala oa kopi bakeng sa ita ea indasteri ea i

• Tefo ea Dell Expment  - Li-Plamporo tsa Bompoli tse kopaneng tse kopaneng

• Khokahano ea Phoenix  - Thabiso e Khethisang

Tlhahlobo ea likarolo tsa 'maraka  e bonts'a tlhoko e eketsehileng ea tharollo e khethehileng, ka li-condaum tsa pele tsa Ruihua tsa Ruihua

Baetsi ba nang le marang-rang a matla a indasteri le tšebelisano

Baeta-pele ba indasteri ba bontša kamoo masea a sebetsang a marang-rang dor melemo ea tlholisano e lekantsoeng ea tlholisano:

Tekanyetso ea Tesla GigAgactory  - e kenyelletsa li-analytics mehala ea ts'ebetso, ho pholletsa le tlhokomelo ea boleng ba nako ea nako ea ho beha leihlo ke 15%. Meetso ea Tesla ea Tesla e tšehetsa lisebelisoa tse fetang 10,000 tse hokahaneng ka setsing se tlase se lutetsang setulong sa litlou sa li-cortic.

Sehlopha sa BMW  - Linework tse ikemetseng tsa 5g ka nako e ngata, li fihlella ka 99.99% Nako ea ho lokisa le tlhahlobo ea boleng. Khokahano ea bona ea ho kopanya

Boeling Airlinege  - E sebelisa marang-rang a indasteri bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso ea lientsi, moo mocheso oa khatello le khatello o hloka puisano lipakeng tsa bansors le taolo.

Ho kenya tšebetsong hangata ka linako tse ling Tlhahiso ea 7-20%  ka tšebeliso e ntlafalitsoeng ea lisebelisoa, nako ea liphetoho 'me e ntlafatsa matla a taolo ea boleng bo etsang hore e mele ho phatlalatsoa ka mekhoa ea tlhahiso.

Ketsahalo ea ho sebelisa linyeoe tse fanang ka roi e potlakileng

Likopo tse tharo tse tebileng li fana ka chelete e potlakileng ka ho fetisisa ea maundaries ea indasteri:

Tlhokomelo e reriloeng esale pele  - bansous ea marang-rang e kopanyang khoeli, mocheso le matšoao a bo-racoustic ho holisa ho hola ha thepa pele ho etsahala. Litsebi tse tsoetseng pele tse hlalosang mekhoa e bonts'ang liphoso tse tlang, li thusa ho lokisa liphoso nakong ea litokiso tse reriloeng nakong ea ho lokisa maemo nakong ea ts'ebetso.

Lisebelisoa tsa boleng ba nako ea nnete  - litsamaiso tsa tlhahlobo li hokahaneng ka marang-rang a hang-hang ho fana ka maikutlo a hang-hang ho boleng ba sehlahisoa. Sena se thibela tlhahiso ea likarolo tse nang le phoso mme e fokotsa litšila ha a ntse a boloka litekanyetso tsa boleng bo sa tsitsang.

Agv / robot coordination  - likoloi tse se nang maikutlo le liroboto tse amanang le liroboto li hloka tšebelisano ka mokhoa o hlakileng ka marang-rang a fihletsoeng ka tlase. Boemo ba nako ea nako ea 'nete le tumellano ea mosebetsi ho thusa ho roale le ho ferekana ha matla le ho qobella ho senya phallo ea lintho tsohle.

Tsela e tloaelehileng ea Roi ea Rounds e tsoang likhoeli tse 12-18, ka Baetsi ba abelang 30% ea litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso  ho matsete a theknoloji a tsamaisang phetoho ea phetoho ea dijithale.

Li-marang-rang a sireletsehileng a indasteri bakeng sa lifetrories tsa liphiri

Nako e sa reroang e sa reroang e bitsa baetsi ba $ 260,000 ka hora, ba etsa hore lintho tse etellang pele tsa khoebo.

Zero Tšepo le IGE Iec 62443

Meetso ea zero-trust  e nka hore ha ho na khokahano ea marang-rang e tšepahalang ka ho hlaka, e hloka netefatso e sa feleng ea kopo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea phihlello e sa tsotelleng kapa netefatso e fetileng. Libakeng tse fapaneng, mokhoa ona o thibela likarolo tsa morao tsa lihlaba tsa cyber hore li se ke tsa boloka tšebetso ea ts'ebetso.

Isa Iec 62443 Karolo ea Micro  e baka libaka tsa ts'ireletso tse Khethang litsamaiso tsa taolo tse hlakileng:

1. Ho kenya li-fireball tsa lijalo tsa marang-rang  pakeng tsa OT le ET

2. Sepese se sebetsang  se le seng se le seng sa taolo ea indasteri ho thibela ho bolaoa ha software e sa lumelloang le ho tsoa hoa Malware

3. Netefatsa ho lekola marang-rang  ka boits'oaro ba boits'oaro bo hlokofatsang bo-rakhoebo ba qosang ho supa litlolo tse ling tsa ts'ireletso

Ai Ho hlokahetse bakeng sa mekhoa ea netweke  e fihlang 51% e le mochini oa lihlahisoa ho tseba li-algorith le ts'ebetso ea ho netefatsa karabelo e potlakileng ho feta mathata a teng.

5G ea 5G e hlekefelleng ha li-cos tsa feshene tsa feshene

Khokahano e se nang mohala e etsa sebopeho sa tlhahiso ea tefiso ha o ntse o ts'ehetsa lisebelisoa tsa selefouno le lits'ebetso tsa Autonosomous:

Setsi sa	5G ea lekunutu	Liindasteri tsa Indi-Fi 6 / 6E
Latecy	<1ms Ultra-kal	1-10MS e tloaelehileng
TLHOKOMELISO	1km + kantle	50-100m Indoor
TLHOKOMELISO EFE	1m + lisebelisoa / km mwa	100-500 concurrent
Litsenyehelo tsa pele	$ 500k-2m tlhahiso ea tlhahiso	$ 50k-200k
Spectrum	E ngotsoe ka lengolo (netefalitsoeng)	E sa sebelisoeng (e arolelanoang)
Ts'ireletso	Encryption ea libapali	Wpa3 khoebong

Litefiso tsa ho amohela adoption EA Smart's Smart's li fihla 42% har'a PUSELETSO

Likhokahano tsa Pereum tsa Peremium's li fana ka maikutlo a ikhethang a bolokang se-radio sa 5G se nang le botšepehi libakeng tsa indasteri, tse tšehetsang esale pele ho isa ho 6 Ghz ha u ntse u kopana le li-ip67 tsa tikoloho bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa kantle.

Motsoako oa komporo ea ai

Mokhanni oa litsamaiso tsa 'muso  o le sebakeng sa tlhahiso, ho fokotsa letsoalo le litlhokahalo tsa bandwing ha a ntse a nolofatsa liqeto tsa ho etsa liqeto tsa' nete. Ho sebetsana le mekhoa ea ho lokisa thepa ea sebakeng seo ho hlalosang lintlha tsa ho ithuta ka mokhoa oa sensor, ho bolela esale pele liphoso tsa lisebelisoa, 'me u ntlafatse maemo a tlhahiso a sa tsotelloeng.

AI-khanko ea marang-rang ea  ts'ebetso ea ai-li- coloition

• Bolela esale pele hore na ho na le hlekefetsoa ha marang-rang '  me ka bohona ba fetola sephethephethe sa sephethephethe ho boloka ts'ebetso

• Fumana boitšoaro bo anmalous  bo ka supa litšomo tsa ts'ireletso kapa lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa

• Fokotsa basebetsi ba Bandwidth  ho ipapisitse le lintho tse tlang pele bophelong le li hloka

Ho latela Patlisiso ea indasteri , 'ai le ML e ntlafatsa ho rarolla mathata ha a ntse a fokotsa nako ea ho rarolla mathata a marang-rang a 70%. '

Likopo tse reriloeng esale pele li tsoela pele ho tsoa ho tse phahameng haholo, ka ts'ebetso ea lehae e nolofalletsa maemo a data a mateane le likarolo tsa nako tsa nako.

Ho kenella tsela ea tsela ea ho kenella le Roi bakeng sa marang-rang a indasteri

Qala hanyane, ho hlakile hore o potlakile - buka ea play ea ho bapala ea marang-rang ea indasteri ea indasteri.

Ho fallisoa ha Gagacy Firondbus ho Ethernet le Tsn

Phase 1: Tlhahlobo le ho rala (likhoeli tse 1-3)

• Tsamaiso e akaretsang ea tlhahlobo ea marang-rang ea lits'ebeletso tse teng tsa lefatše

• Supa litsamaiso tse tebileng tse hlokang puisano e amanang

• Ntlafatsa tatellano ea nako ea ho fallela pele e le tlhahiso e matla, likopo tse tlase

• Khetha mola oa tlhahiso ea sefofane bakeng sa Ethernet / Tn Decraymentment

Phase 2: Ts'ebetso ea Mokhanni (likhoeli tse 4-9)

• Sesen-Khono ea Switjha ea Bonokoo le Ethertin ea Ethernet ea Indasteri

• Kenya Li-GateWay tsa Protocol ho boloka khokahano le lisebelisoa tsa lefapha la Lefatshe

• Kenya letsoho ho tsamaisa thepa ea marang-rang le lisebelisoa tsa ts'ireletso

• Etsa liteko tse ngata tsa tlhahlobo le netefatso

Phase 3: Li-Rollout tse felletseng (likhoeli tse 10-24)

• Sekhahla se atlehileng sa sefofane se atlehileng ka makhetlo a phomolo a setseng

• Butle-butle ho tlohela mekhoa ea matlafalo ea Lefapha ka nako eo lisebelisoa li fihlang ho eona-ea

• Ho kenya tšebetsong likopo tse tsoetseng pele joalo ka litlhaloso tse reriloeng esale pele le ts'ebetso ea nako ea nnete

• Theha mekhoa ea tlhokomelo e tsoelang pele ea tlhokomelo le ho beha leihlo

Lits'oants'o tsa kopanela li thusa ho falla ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng ka ho fetolela mekhoa e metle ea ethernet le li-protomsbus tsa sephethe-phethe, li sireletsa matsete a macha.

Bili ea boits'oaro ea lisebelisoa le moralo oa tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo

Dikarolo tsa bohlokoa ke sehlopha:

Cabling le ho hokahana

• Likhoele tsa Indasteri Ethernet (Cat 6a, fiber Optic bakeng sa mathela a malelele)

• Ruihua M12Narantistors (A-koahetse Ethernet, D-E-ea Teng Bakeng sa Profinit) - Ho Tšepahala ho Lebisang Maistry le Ts'ebetso

• Litsamaiso tsa ts'ireletso ea cable (Turit, litereke tsa cable, litlohola ke liketane)

Inthaneteng ea marang-rang

• Ln-cap ea indasteri ea indasteri e nang le tšehetso ea poe +

• Lits'oants'o tsa Protocol bakeng sa ho kopanya ha Lefapha la Lefa

• Lisebelisoa tsa taolo ea marang-rang

• Lintlha tsa ho fihlella tse se nang mohala (Wi-Fi 6e kapa 5G ea lekunutu)

Litokomane tsa Cybersvrstr

• Li-firebal tsa liindasteri tse nang le tlhahlobo e tebileng ea pakete

• Nete ​​ea ho beha leihlo la marang-rang le siem

• Ts'ireletso ea pheletso bakeng sa HMI le Boenjiniere tsa Boenjiniere

Sekheo sa tlhahlobo ea fektheri:

• Tekanyo ea Latency  - Netefatsa <1ms bakeng sa li-loops tsa taolo

• Tlhahlobo ea jitters  - netefatsa hore na pakete ea ho phekola nako

• Teko ea Failover  - Mekhabiso e Setlollang

• Netefatso ea cyberquation  - tlhahlobo ea penetiation le tlhahlobo ea bakuli

• Ho leka ho leka  - netefatsa ts'ebetso tlasa Khokahano ea Sesebelisoa se Boholo-holo

Li-kPI li falla le linako tsa roi bakeng sa tlhahiso e bohlale

Ntlafatso ea lintlafatso tsa Drive ea Drive ea Drive bakeng sa matsete a marang-rang a marang-rang:

Kpi	Basine	Ntlafatso e lebisitsoeng	Lenaneo la Nako
Ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tse akaretsang (Oee)	65-75%	+ 5-15 liperesente tse 5-15	Likhoeli tse 6-12
Bolela nako ea ho lokisa (MTRR)	Lihora tse 4-8	-30-50% phokotso	Likhoeli tsa 3-6
Sekhahla sa Scrap	2-5%	-25-40% phokotso	Likhoeli tse 6-18
Sesebelisoa sa Matla	Basine	-10-20% phokotso	Likhoeli tse 12-24
Bohlale bo fetoha	6-12x selemo le selemo	+ 20-30% ntlafatso	Likhoeli tse 18-24

Lits'ebetso tsa Tii Time:  Ho latela Ho fana ka maikutlo a Deloitte , hangata ho fihlela lithaka tse ntle nakong ea likhoeli tse 18-24 likhoeli tsa marang-rang tsa marang-rang. Melemo ea pele e hlaha nakong ea likhoeli tse 3-6 ka lebaka la ho tšoenyeha, ha ts'ebetso ea nako ea sebele e tšoana le ho fana ka chelete e ngata kamora likhoeli tse 12-18 tsa ts'ebetso. Litharollo tsa marang-rang tsa indasteri li etsa sebopeho sa tlhahiso ea sejoale-joale se nepahetseng sa boithabiso, se thusa Concont ea nako ea sebele le data e phallang molemong oa ho tsosa. Katleho e hloka moralo oa mahlale a lekanyang litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea tšebetso le sepheo sa nako e telele.

Katleho ea ts'ebetso e itšetlehile ka ho khetha theknoloji ea hau bakeng sa tikoloho ea hau ea tlhahiso, ebang ke TsNake ea ho laola lintho tse ikemetseng. Lichelete tsa li-indasteri tsa Ruahua li fana ka tlhahiso e tšepahalang ea khokahano e netefatsang matsete a hau a marang-rang a tlisa boleng ba marang-rang le ts'ebetso e phahameng haholo.

Qala ka lisebelisoa tsa mokhanni tse bontšang ho hlaka ha roi, ebe u tiisa tharollo ea hau ea ts'ebetso eohle. Bahlahisi ba tsekotseng marang-rang ba indasteri kajeno ba tla lebisa indasteri ea bona hosane ka tlhahiso ea maikutlo.

LIPOTSO TSE BOTSOANG HANGATA

Ke ntse ke sebetsa joang marang-rang ho latela Isa Iec 62443 ntle le tlhahiso ea letho?

Karolo ea ho kenya tšebetsong nakong ea lifensetere tse reriloeng tsa tlhokomelo e sebelisang mokhoa o fetsoang. Qala ka ho kenya firewall ho moeli oa eona / moeli oa ho putlama ho ' Sekaseka mekhoa ea sephethe-phethe bakeng sa libeke tse 2-4 ho khetholla puisano ea mantlha, ebe u kenya tšebetsong melaoana e thibelang li-protocols tse hlokahalang tse sa sebetseng feela tsa protocols le liaterese tse hlokahalang feela tsa protocols. Depuloy Network Inthaneteng ea ho laola lisebelisoa tse sa tsejoeng ha li ntse li tsamaisa sehokelo sa lisebelisoa tsa tumello. Sebelisa li-lans tse bonahalang ho theha karohano e hlakileng ntle le liphetoho tsa marang-rang, e thusa ho robola kapele haeba ho hlaha mathata.

Ke lokela ho khetha Etherne e le 'ngoe e le' ngoe ho feta Ethernet e le lifemeneng?

Khetha etherne e le 'ngoe ea likopo tse ngata tse hlokang likopo tse telele li matha le litšenyehelo tse fokotsehileng. E ea sebetsa ka likopo tse nang le li-sensor tse peli tse bonolo (mocheso, khatello, likhoele tse 10 tsa ho fihlela li bobebe, li-mehoma e bobebe. Ethernet eledon ea merabe ea 4 e ntse e nepahetse bakeng sa likopo tse phahameng tse kang pono, hmis le tsamaiso ea taolo ea maikutlo. Tšebeliso e fokotsa boima ba cable ka 50-70% mme e nolofalletsa lipelaelo tse nyane tsa cable, tse etsang hore ho be le lisebelisoa le ho feto-fetoha le lisebelisoa tse fetang tse ngata ho feta bandwidth.

Li-congctors tsa IP li molemo ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho tetebela ho phahameng kapa libaka tse sa hlakeloeng?

M12 Connectors le IP67 / IP69k Litekanyetso li fana ka ts'ebetso e nepahetseng libakeng tse feteletseng. Bakeng sa lits'ebeliso tse phahameng tsa liphetho tse phahameng (litsi tsa mechini e tenang Lisebelisoa tsa M12 tsa A-Codenet ts'ehetso lits'ebetso tsa lisebelisoa tsa Ethernet, ha ho na le mefuta ea libapali ea DAS-On-Tersion ea HIV. Libakeng tse hlahang (ts'ebetso ea lijo, metsamao), lihokelo tsa IP69K li na le khatello e phahameng haholo, litsamaiso tse phahameng tsa mocheso. Lituro tsa Guahua li ile tsa hanyetsa koro ea koporo ea Riahua Haroura

Prith Mrp w

Mokhoa o mong le o mong o se nang thuso o sebeletsa litlhokahalo tse fapaneng tsa marang-rang ho latela litlhoko tsa ho hlaphoheloa le ho rarahana. Parallel Protocol e Parallel (PRP) e fana ka phetisetso ea zero-Dowentime ka ho kopitsa moralo o mong le o mong ho isa ho marang-rang a mabeli empa ho hloka lisebelisoa tse khethehileng. Media Redundancon Protocol (MRP) e fana ka ho hlaphoheloa ha Sub-200. Phepelo ea sefate se potlakileng (verp) e fana ka setumo se theko e boima se nang le nako ea ho hlaphoheloa ka makhetlo a mabeli SD-Wan Extates bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea ho etsa sebaka sa marang-rang e hlokang sephethephethe sa sephethephethe lipakeng tsa lisebelisoa empa ha e lokele likopo tsa nakoana tse hlokang ho itšepa.

Timine ea Sebele ea Roi ea Roi ea 5G ke eng? Khahlano le Wi Fi

Wi-Fi 6 / 6E ka tloaelo e fihlella Roi nakong ea likhoeli tse 6 - ha a ntse a le 5g a hloka likhoeli tse 18- tse loketseng. Mesebetsi ea Wi-Fi e batla ho bitsa $ 50k-200k 'me hang-hang etsa lisebelisoa tsa selefouno, matlapa le lits'ebetso tse bonolo tsa IOT. Tse 5G tsa lekunutu li hloka ho tsebiso ea pele ea $ 500k Khetha Wi-Fi bakeng sa Khokahano ea Kakaretso le mesebetsi ea ofisi; Khetha 5g ha lits'ebetso li hloka ho beoa ka tlasa 1MS

Ke e hokahanya joang le ho ba le polokeho ntle le ho pepesetsoa plcs inthaneteng?

Kenya DMZ e nang le li-diodes tsa data kapa tsela e le 'ngoe e lumellang phallo ea data ho eona ha u ntse u thibela phihlello e sa feleng. Meeli ea lifofane ea indasteri ho eona / moeli o hlophisitsoeng hape o lumellang melao le ho lumella melao bakeng sa li-protocol tse hlokahalang (OPC UA, MQOTT). Sebelisa li-Servers tsa ho tlosa kapa li-action tsa phihlello bakeng sa phihlello e hole ea ho fihlella, ho netefatsa likhokahano tsohle tse kentsoeng le ho beoa. Ho kenya tšebetsong karolo ea netweme e nang le karolo ea likatse tse fapaneng ka litloholo tse fapaneng tse nang le karolo ea micro e pakeng tsa libaka tsa taolo. Litharollo tse tobileng tsa Siem tse tobileng tse shebileng ho beha leihlo bakeng sa boits'oaro bo anang.

Ke boholo ba mofuta o feshene joang bakeng sa tlhokomelo ea tlhokomelo e boletsoeng esale pele le mesebetsi ea AI?

Boholo bo boholo bo thehiloeng molumo oa molumo oa data oa kutlo, ho rarahana ho mofani oa mohlala le litlhoko tsa nako ea sebele. Bakeng sa tlhokomelo ea mantlha e boletsoeng esale pele (Tlhahlobo ea Vibration, Server ea mocheso) Likhetho tse rarahaneng tsa Ai (pono ea k'homphieutha, tlhahlobo ea acoustic) e hloka ho potlakisa ka 8-16GB VRA bakeng sa puo ea nako ea sebele. Rala bakeng sa kholo ea data ea 2-4x e fetang lilemo tse 3-5 mme o kenyeletsa polokelo ea lehae (1-10tb SSD) bakeng sa databale ea data le ho ikoetlisa. Seteishene sa litlolo tse phahameng tsa dederay bakeng sa likopo tse tebileng le ho netefatsa ho pholile ho lekaneng (hangata 5-10kw ka rack) bakeng sa mesebetsi ea mesebetsi e tsitsitseng.

Ho tla joang hore a tsebe ho tiisa ts'ebetso ea marang-rang pele u phela?

Mafahla a lithethefatsi a thusa tlhahlobo e felletseng ea marang-rang le ho itšepa ntle le ho senya litsamaiso tsa tlhahiso ea Live. Theha mehlala ea boleng ba marang-rang a marang-rang a marang-rang a marang-rang a marang-rang Lula maemong a fapaneng a ho kula (ho chencha liphoso, ho fokotsa thapo, tlhaselo ea cyber) ho netefatsa metsamao le mekhoa ea ho hlakolisa. Lintlha tse neng li lebelletsoe ho phalla ka mohlala ho tsoa ho sililaming e reriloeng ho tseba botlolo ea bandwidth kapa litaba tsa elestec. Sebelisa mafahla a bilinyane ho leka kemiso ea sephethephethe sa TSN, melaoana ea ts'ireletso le boleng ba litlhophiso tsa ts'ebeletso pele ba kenya tšebetsong marang-rang a tlhahiso. Mokhoa ona o fokotsa likotsi tsa ho hlahisoa mme o nolofalletsa nako ea likarolo tsa marang-rang bakeng sa ts'ebetso e phahameng.