ꯌꯨꯌꯥꯑꯣ ꯔꯨꯏꯍꯨꯌꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤ꯫
ꯏꯃꯦꯜ: ꯱.
ꯌꯦꯡꯈꯤꯕꯥ: 842 ꯑꯏꯕꯥ: ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯔ ꯐꯣꯉꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ: ꯲꯰꯲꯳-꯱꯲-꯱꯸ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯝ: ꯃꯐꯝ

ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ., ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ., ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ., ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ. ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ . ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:
l ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ : ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.
l ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ : ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ANSI/ASME B1.20.1 ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫
l ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ : ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ 60°ꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯂꯩ꯫.
l ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ : ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯨꯠꯀꯤ .
ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ . ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯜ :
l ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ : ꯏꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ ꯄꯨꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯏꯄꯁꯤꯡ꯫
l ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ : ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯌꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ:
l ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
l ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯣꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ꯫
l ꯑꯦꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ꯫
NPT ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ:
1. PTFE ꯇꯦꯞ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ : ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯨ꯫ PTFE ꯇꯦꯞ (Teflon) ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ
2. ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯩꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯨ : ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯩꯁꯤꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯒꯦꯂꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ , ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
3. ꯂꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧ : ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧ꯫
ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ:
l ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯏꯄꯁꯤꯡ : ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ꯫
l ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ : ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯕꯣ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ꯫
l ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ : ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯤ꯫
l ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯔꯕꯥ : ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ꯫
l ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯩꯁꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ : ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
l ꯁꯤꯂꯟꯇ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ : ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯟꯇ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫
l ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ. , ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯦꯜ , ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯟ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯤ꯫
l ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯀꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ . ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ
ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯒꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯤꯛꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫

ꯈꯉꯅꯕꯥ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯟ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ . ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯀꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯶꯰°ꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯨꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯀꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ . ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯤ ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯏ./ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯏ.ꯕꯤ.꯱.꯲꯰.꯱ꯒꯤ , ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ . ꯑꯃꯔꯣꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯕꯤ.꯱.꯲꯰.꯳ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ . ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ , ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫.
ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯤ , ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ . ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯀꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯁꯨꯡꯁꯣꯏ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ
ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯀꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯉꯥꯏ ꯐꯗꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯂꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯛꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯐ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯀꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯛꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯚꯔꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯃꯤꯛꯁ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯒꯦꯂꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯥ

ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ . ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ANSI/ASME B1.20.1 ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 60°ꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯦꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ .
ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ : - ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯂꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ , ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ - ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯇꯧꯗꯦ꯫ - ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ. (ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ) ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ . - ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯦꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ, ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫
ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ . ꯐꯤꯃꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯁꯨꯏꯚꯦꯜ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯌꯨꯖꯔ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ: - ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁꯤꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ - ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯁꯁꯦꯝꯕꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫ - ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯦꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁꯤꯂꯦꯟꯇꯇꯒꯤ .
ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ , ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ. (ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯦꯜ) ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯈꯉꯅꯩ꯫ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯟ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:
l ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯀꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯔꯨꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ .
l NPSM ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯦꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ .
l ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ꯫ NPTF ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ NPTꯒꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ NPSM ꯑꯁꯤ
ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯜ . ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ: - ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫ - ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ꯫ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ .
ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ: - ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯠꯇ-ꯍꯧꯗꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫ - ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫ - ꯂꯨꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯇꯉꯥꯏ ꯐꯗꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯫ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ . ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯜ . ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.꯲꯱ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣ.꯷ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ .
ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩ 60°ꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ .
ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ, ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯕꯨ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ . ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ., ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯦꯜ , ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯕꯥ , ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯁꯤꯜ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯟ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯕꯤ.꯱.꯲꯰.꯳ꯒꯤ , ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯔꯨꯠꯀꯤ . ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁꯤꯂꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯞ (ꯇꯦꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯟ) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ
ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ . ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯕꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯂꯨꯔꯒꯗꯤ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ.(ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯄꯤ (ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯂꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ) ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ . ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ . ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯅꯥ ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯦꯗ ꯔꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡꯒꯤ , ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯦ꯫
ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯊꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ, ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ , ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯀꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯒꯦꯂꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯩꯁꯤꯅꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ., ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ., ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ., ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ , ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯏꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯃꯤꯟꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯒꯣ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ – ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯆ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫
l ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨ ꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯠꯁꯤꯂꯍꯟꯗꯦ꯫
l ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ , . , ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ . ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯏ, ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯐꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫
ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯟ ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯠꯌꯨꯠ (ANSI)ꯅꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯇꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯔꯨꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ANSI/ASME B1.20.1 ꯑꯁꯤ NPT ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯀꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯑꯣꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯒꯗꯒꯦ, ꯏꯟꯆꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ (ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯉꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯌꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯥꯏꯑꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ – ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯏꯅꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ꯫
l ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯕꯤ.꯱.꯲꯰.꯳ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯁ.꯱꯷꯲꯲.꯱ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯈꯔꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ .
l ꯌꯨ.ꯀꯦ.ꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣ.꯷ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.꯲꯱ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ. ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ
ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯁꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯨꯔꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ꯫
ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯆ (ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯶꯰° ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯂꯩ , ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
l ꯇꯣꯂꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧꯗꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯋꯤꯒꯜ ꯔꯨꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫
l ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯨꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯖꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯣꯝ ꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯜ , ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯞ (ꯇꯦꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯟ) , ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ , ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ – ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨ ꯇꯧꯔꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯠꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯏ꯫
l ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯐꯤꯠ , ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯠꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ
l ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯁꯨꯏꯚꯦꯜ – ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯅꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
l ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯀꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯟ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯦꯞ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯒꯗꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ , ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫
ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.
ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ ꯈꯉꯅꯕꯥ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯟ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ . ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯛꯕꯤꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ
ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ , ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯁꯨꯏꯚꯦꯜ ꯫ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯤꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ , ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯶꯰° ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯒꯥ , ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯈꯅꯒꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ
ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯔꯁꯤ:
l NPT ꯕꯅꯥꯝ NPTF : ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯂꯩ , ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ NPTFꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯔꯨꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ , ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
l ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ : ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯦꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ . ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫
l ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ : ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯤꯆ ꯂꯩ , ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ꯫
ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯞ (ꯇꯦꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯟ) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯦꯗ ꯔꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯜ . ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯁꯤꯜ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯅꯒꯤ
ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ BSPT ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ , ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯗꯄꯇꯥꯔ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅꯥ NPT ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ NPTFꯒꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯏ./ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯏ.ꯕꯤ.꯱.꯲꯰.꯱ , ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯕꯤ.꯱.꯲꯰.꯳ , ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣ.꯷ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.꯲꯱ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ
ꯒꯦꯂꯤꯡ , ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ NPSM , NPTF , NPT , ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ BSPT ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ , ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡ-ꯂꯃꯇꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:
l ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ .
l ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯞ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁꯤꯂꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ
l ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯨꯠꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯠꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯔꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫
l ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯠꯁꯤꯂꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
l ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ .
l NPTꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ, PTFE ꯇꯦꯞ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁꯤꯂꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫.
l ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯠꯁꯤꯂꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯜ .
l ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ .
l ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯁꯨꯏꯚꯦꯜ .
l ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯦꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ
l ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯦꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫.
l ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ-ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯡ : ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
l ꯒꯦꯂꯤꯡ : ꯃꯦꯇꯜ-ꯇꯨ-ꯃꯦꯇꯜ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯨꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫
l ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ : ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯏꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯔꯀꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ
l ꯂꯤꯛ : ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧ ꯑꯥꯎꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯔꯎꯟꯗꯅꯦꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯇꯧ꯫.
l ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ : ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ꯫
l ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ : ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ꯫ ꯃꯩꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
l ꯁꯤꯂꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ : ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧ꯫
l ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯥ : ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯀꯪꯕꯥ, ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ꯫
ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕ :
l ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯀꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯨꯠꯀꯤ .
l ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯶꯰° ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫
l ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ , ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯦꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫.
ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯒꯗꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ , ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯖꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ. (ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ) ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯐꯤꯠ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯖꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ. (ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ) ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ. (ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯦꯜ) ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯕꯥ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯟ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯟꯇ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯔꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ. (ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ) ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯵꯵°ꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.
ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯃꯤꯛꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯆꯦꯟꯖꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯒꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯀꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯔꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ . ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ . ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯤꯆ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯏꯕꯥ? ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧ꯫ ANSI/ASME B1.20.1ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ NPTꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ
ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯅꯒꯅꯤ? ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ , ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯂꯤꯛ -ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯃꯤꯟꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ , ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ . ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ , ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯁꯤꯂꯦꯟꯇ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕꯥ NPTF ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯄꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ .
l ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯞ (ꯇꯦꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯟ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.
l ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ?
ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯆꯠꯂꯨ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯐꯤꯠ —ꯃꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯨꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯠꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯠꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯠꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯏꯈꯠꯄꯥ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯀꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
l ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯒꯅꯤ?
ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯶꯰° ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ , ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯵꯵° ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ .
l ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯨ ꯒꯦꯂꯤꯡ (galling) —ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ꯫
l ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ?
ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯧ꯫ ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯦꯗ ꯔꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ
ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯠꯅꯦꯁ ꯐꯪꯕꯁꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯌ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯂꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯅꯤ꯫ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ .
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ , . , ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ , ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ , ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯣꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯔꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ, ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯄꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯇꯃꯈꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:
l ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ, ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ꯫
l ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.
l ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ. , ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯄꯥꯏꯄꯀꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ . ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ
l ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯇꯦꯄꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯤꯆ ꯂꯩ ꯫ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯅꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ .
ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ:
l ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯅꯥ ꯁꯨꯄꯔ ꯇꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯦꯠ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡꯒꯤ .
l ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
l ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ , ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯏ./ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯏ.ꯕꯤ.꯱.꯲꯰.꯱ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣ .
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