Ukubuka: 213 Umbhali: Isikhathi Sokushicilela Isihleli Sesayithi: 2023-08-22 Umsuka: Isayithi
Ukufakwa kwamapayipi kudlala indima ebalulekile ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene, ukuqinisekisa ukudluliswa okuphephile nangempumelelo koketshezi namagesi. Kusukela ezimbonini ezikhiqizayo kuya ezindaweni zokwakha, lezi zinto ezifakwayo ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile ezixhuma amapayipi nezinto zokusebenza, okuvumela ukusebenza okungenazihibe. Kodwa-ke, ukukhetha uhlobo olulungile lokufakwa kwepayipi kubalulekile ngokulinganayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuvikela ukuvuza okungaba khona noma ukwehluleka. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwe-DIN kanye nokufakwa kwepayipi le-SAE, izindinganiso ezimbili ezisetshenziswa kabanzi embonini. Ukuqonda umehluko nezinzuzo zohlobo ngalunye kuzosiza amabhizinisi enze izinqumo ezinolwazi uma kuziwa ekukhetheni ukufakwa okufanele kakhulu kwezinhlelo zabo zokusebenza ezithile. Noma ngabe usembonini yezimoto, eyakhiwe ngamanzi, noma yezimboni, lesi sihloko sizohlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile emhlabeni wokufakwa kwamapayipi futhi sikusize wenze ukukhetha okulungile kokusebenza kwakho.
I-DIN imele i-Deutsches Institut für Normung, okuhunyushwa ku-German Institute for Standardization ngesiNgisi. Kuyinhlangano eyaziwayo ebeka izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene. Izindinganiso ze-DIN zisetshenziswa kabanzi eJalimane nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Uma kuziwa ekufakweni kwepayipi, i-DIN ibhekisela kusethi ethile yamazinga alawula ukwakheka nobukhulu balokhu kufakwa. Lawa mazinga aqinisekisa ukuhambisana nokushintshana phakathi kwabakhiqizi abahlukene, okwenza kube lula kubasebenzisi ukuthola ukufakwa kwamapayipi okulungile ngezidingo zabo ezithile.
Ukufakwa kwepayipi le-DIN kwaziwa ngokuklama kwakho okuqinile nokwakhiwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngokuvamile zenziwa ngezinto ezifana nensimbi engagqwali, ithusi, noma i-carbon steel, enikeza ukuqina nokumelana nokugqwala. Ukufakwa kuklanyelwe ukudala ukuxhumana okuphephile nokungavuziyo phakathi kwamapayipi nezinye izinto. Afaka ukuxhumana okunentambo, okuvumela ukufakwa nokususwa kalula. Idizayini yokufakwa kwe-DIN iphinde iqinisekise ukuvala okuqinile, ukuvimbela noma yikuphi ukuvuza koketshezi noma igesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zifakelo zingamelana nezingcindezi eziphezulu namazinga okushisa, zizenze zifanelekele uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ukufakwa kwepayipi le-DIN kuthola izinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yokuthembeka nokuhambisana kwazo. Enye yezimboni eziyinhloko ezisebenzisa kakhulu ukufakwa kwe-DIN imboni yezimoto. Lokhu kufakwa kuvame ukutholakala kumasistimu asebenza ngogesi, izintambo zikaphethiloli, kanye nezinhlelo zokupholisa izimoto zezimoto. Imboni ye-aerospace iphinde ithembele ekufakweni kwe-DIN ngezinhlelo zabo ze-hydraulic zezindiza, izintambo zikaphethiloli, namasistimu womoya. Ukwengeza, imboni yokukhiqiza isebenzisa ukufakwa kwe-DIN emishinini nasezinsizeni ezidinga ukudluliswa kwamanzi noma igesi. Eminye imikhakha, efana nezolimo, ezokwakha, kanye nowoyela negesi, nazo zisebenzisa ukufakwa kwe-DIN ekusetshenzisweni kwazo.
Ukufakwa kwepayipi le-DIN kunikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa ezizenza zibe yinketho ekhethwayo ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. Okokuqala, ukwakheka kwazo okujwayelekile kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nokushintshana, okuvumela ukushintshwa nokugcinwa kalula. Lokhu kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula futhi kwandisa ukusebenza kahle. Okwesibili, ukwakhiwa okuqinile kokufakwa kwe-DIN kunikeza ukuqina nokumelana nokuguga, okuholela empilweni ende yesevisi. Ukwengeza, uphawu oluqinile olunikezwa yilokhu kufakwa kunciphisa ubungozi bokuvuza, kuvimbele izingozi ezingaba khona kanye nokulimala kwemvelo.
Nokho, kunezinto ezimbalwa ezingalungile okufanele uzicabangele lapho usebenzisa ukufakwa kwepayipi le-DIN. Enye yezingqinamba eziyinhloko ukutholakala kwazo okulinganiselwe ezindaweni ezithile ezingaphandle kweYurophu. Lokhu kungenza kube inselele ukuthola ukufakwa kwe-DIN ezindaweni lapho amanye amazinga avame kakhulu. Okunye okubi yizindleko zokuqala eziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokufakwa okungajwayelekile. Ubunjiniyela obunembayo nokuhambisana nezindinganiso ze-DIN kunomthelela kumaka amanani aphezulu. Kodwa-ke, izinzuzo zesikhathi eside nokuhambisana kudlula ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala ezimbonini eziningi.
I-SAE imele i-Society of Automotive Engineers, inhlangano eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke ethuthukisa futhi isethe amazinga ezimboni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izimboni zezimoto nezamanzi. Ukufakwa kwepayipi le-SAE kuwukufakwa okunamathela kumazinga abekwe yile nhlangano. Lokhu kufakwa kuklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nokushintshana phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene ze-hydraulic, njengamapayipi, amashubhu, nezixhumi.
Ukufakwa kwepayipi le-SAE kwaziwa ngokuklama kwakho okuqinile nokusebenza okuthembekile. Ngokuvamile zenziwa ngezinto zekhwalithi ephezulu njengensimbi engagqwali noma ithusi, ezinikeza ukuqina okuhle kakhulu nokumelana nokugqwala. Lokhu kufakwa kufaka idizayini yentambo ecijile, evumela ukuxhumana okuqinile nokuvikelekile. Ukwengeza, ukufakwa kwe-SAE kuvame ukufaka ama-O-rings noma amawasha okuvala uphawu ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuza nokuqinisekisa uhlelo lwe-hydraulic olungavuzi.
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile zokufakwa kwepayipi le-SAE ukuguquguquka kwazo. Atholakala ngosayizi abahlukahlukene kanye nokucushwa, okuvumela inhlobonhlobo yezinhlelo zokusebenza. Noma ngabe i-high-pressure hydraulic system noma i-low-pressure pneumatic system, kukhona ukufakwa kwe-SAE okufanele umsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufakwa kwe-SAE kungakwazi ukufaka izinhlobo ezahlukene zamapayipi, okuhlanganisa irabha, i-thermoplastic, namapayipi e-PTFE, okuwenza avumelane kakhulu nezidingo ezahlukene zokudlulisa uketshezi.
Ukufakwa kwepayipi le-SAE kuthola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi ezimbonini ezithembele kumasistimu we-hydraulic ekusebenzeni kwazo. Enye imboni enjalo imboni yezokwakha, lapho kusetshenziswa khona ama-hydraulic systems emishinini esindayo njengama-excavators, ama-cranes, nama-loaders. Ukufakwa kwe-SAE kuqinisekisa ukuxhunywa okungenamthungo kwamapayipi amanzi, okuvumela ukudluliswa kwamandla okuphumelelayo nokulawula okunembayo kwale mishini.
Umkhakha wezolimo ungenye imboni esebenzisa kakhulu ukufakwa kwamapayipi e-SAE. Kusukela kogandaganda kuye kwabavuna, amasistimu asebenza ngamanzi adlala indima ebalulekile emishinini yokulima yesimanje. Ukufakwa kwe-SAE kunikeza izindawo zokuxhuma ezidingekayo zamapayipi amanzi, okuvumela ukusebenza kahle kwemisebenzi ye-hydraulic efana nokuphakamisa, ukuqondisa, nokusebenzisa ukulawula.
Imboni yokukhiqiza iphinde ithembele kakhulu ezinhlelweni zamanzi, futhi ukufakwa kwe-SAE kuyingxenye ebalulekile yalezi zinhlelo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umshini wokunyathelisa osebenza ngogesi, isistimu yokuthutha, noma ulayini wokuhlanganisa werobhothi, ukufakwa kwe-SAE kuqinisekisa ukugeleza okufanele koketshezi olunamanzi, okuvumela ukulawula okunembayo nokusebenza kahle kwalezi zinqubo zezimboni.
Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zokufakwa kwepayipi le-SAE ukwakheka kwazo okujwayelekile. Njengoba i-SAE ibeka amazinga alokhu kufakwa, iqinisekisa ukuhambisana nokushintshana phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene. Lokhu kumiswa kwenza kube lula inqubo yokukhetha nokufaka okunye esikhundleni, kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula kanye nezindleko zokulungisa. Iphinde ivumele ukutholakala kalula kwezingxenye ezishintshayo, njengoba okokufakwa kwe-SAE kutholakala kabanzi kubakhiqizi abahlukahlukene.
Enye inzuzo yokufakwa kwe-hose ye-SAE ukwethembeka kwabo. Idizayini eqinile kanye nezinto zekhwalithi ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwazo kuzenza zimelane nokugqokwa, ukugqwala, nokucindezela okuphezulu. Lokhu kwethembeka kuhumusha ekuphepheni okwandisiwe kanye nengozi encishisiwe yokuhluleka kwesistimu ye-hydraulic. Ukwengeza, ukuxhumana okuqinile nokungavuziyo okuhlinzekwa yi-SAE fittings kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa uketshezi futhi kuvimbele ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.
Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ezimbalwa ezingalungile okufanele uzicabangele lapho usebenzisa ukufakwa kwepayipi le-SAE. Enye yazo ububanzi obulinganiselwe bosayizi abatholakalayo kanye nokucushwa. Nakuba ukufakwa kwe-SAE kuhlanganisa uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, kungase kube nezimo lapho kudingeka khona ukufakwa okungajwayelekile. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukufakwa okwenziwe ngokwezifiso noma ama-adaptha kungase kudingeke, okungafaka inkimbinkimbi kanye nezindleko ohlelweni lwe-hydraulic.
Okunye okungalungile ukuthi kungenzeka ukulimala kwentambo ngesikhathi sokufakwa noma ukususwa. Idizayini yentambo ecijile yokufakwa kwe-SAE idinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuwela noma ukuqina ngokweqile, okungaholela ekulimaleni kwentambo kanye nokuxhumeka okusengozini. Ukuqeqeshwa okufanele nokuhambisana nezinqubo zokufaka ezinconyiwe kubalulekile ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezinjalo.
Uma kuziwa ekufakweni kwepayipi, kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kokufakwa kwe-DIN ne-SAE mayelana nomklamo nokwakhiwa. I-DIN ne-SAE ngamazinga amabili ahlukene alawula ukwenziwa kokufakwa kwepayipi, futhi ngayinye inezici zayo ezihlukile.
Ukufakwa kwe-DIN, okumela i-Deutsches Institut für Normung (German Institute for Standardization), kusetshenziswa kabanzi e-Europe futhi kwaziwa ngokwakhiwa kwakho kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Lokhu kufakwa ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngensimbi noma ngensimbi engagqwali futhi yakhelwe ukumelana nokucindezela okuphezulu nezimo zokushisa. Idizayini yokufakwa kwe-DIN ihlanganisa ukuxhumana okunentambo, okuvumela ukuxhumana okuvikelekile nokungavuziyo phakathi kwepayipi nokufakwayo. Lokhu kuxhumana okucushwe kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukufakwa kuhlala kusendaweni ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu, okwenza ukufakwa kwe-DIN kube ukukhetha okudumile kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuqina nokuthembeka.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukufakwa kwe-SAE, okumele i-Society of Automotive Engineers, kuvame ukusetshenziswa eNyakatho Melika futhi kwaziwa ngokuhlukahluka kwakho nokuhambisana. Ukufakwa kwe-SAE ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngethusi noma nge-aluminium futhi yakhelwe ukuba ibe lula futhi ifakwe kalula. Ngokungafani nokufakwa kwe-DIN, ukufakwa kwe-SAE kusebenzisa uxhumano lokuminyanisa, okuvumela ukuxhumana okusheshayo nokulula phakathi kwepayipi nokufaka. Lokhu kuxhumana kokucindezelwa kufinyelelwa ngokuqinisa inati ekufakeni, kudala ukuvala okuqinile okuvimbela ukuvuza. Ubulula bedizayini yokufaka i-SAE yenza kube ukukhetha okudumile kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukusetshenziswa kalula nokufaka ngokushesha.
Omunye umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kokufakwa kwe-DIN ne-SAE usekuhlukeni kwezinhlobo zentambo nosayizi. Ukufakwa kwe-DIN ngokuvamile kusebenzisa imicu yemethrikhi, elinganiswa ngamamilimitha. Lezi zintambo zemethrikhi zinikeza ukuxhumana okunembile nokuvikelekile phakathi kwepayipi nokufakwayo, okuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukuvuza noma ukwehluleka. Ukusetshenziswa kochungechunge lwemethrikhi ekufakweni kwe-DIN kuphinde kuvumela ukushintshashintsha kalula, njengoba imicu ilinganiswa kukho konke ukufakwa nabakhiqizi abahlukene.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukufakwa kwe-SAE ngokuvamile kusebenzisa imicu ye-NPT (National Pipe Thread), elinganiswa ngamayintshi. Lezi zintambo ze-NPT zicishiwe futhi zinikeza isivalo esiqinile lapho siqiniswa, okuqinisekisa ukuxhuma okungavuzi. Ukusetshenziswa kwemicu ye-NPT ekufakweni kwe-SAE kuvumela ukuhambisana nezinhlelo ezikhona zamapayipi nemishini esebenzisa imicu ye-NPT. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-SAE kungase kungashintsheki njengokufakwa kwe-DIN, njengoba osayizi bentambo nezinhlobo zingahluka phakathi kwabakhiqizi.
Omunye umehluko obalulekile phakathi kokufakwa kwe-DIN ne-SAE ukuhluka kwezilinganiso zokucindezela namabanga okushisa. Ukufakwa kwe-DIN kwaziwa ngezilinganiso zabo zokucindezela okuphezulu, okubenza bafanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amasistimu okucindezela okukhulu kwamanzi. Lokhu kufakwa kungamelana nezingcindezi ezisuka ku-100 kuya ku-600 bar, kuye ngosayizi nohlobo lokulinganisa. Ukwengeza, ukufakwa kwe-DIN kungasebenza ebangeni lokushisa elibanzi, kusukela ku--40°C kuya ku-+100°C, okubenza bafaneleke kokubili izicelo eziphansi neziphezulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukufakwa kwe-SAE ngokuvamile kunezilinganiso zokucindezela eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nokufakwa kwe-DIN. Izilinganiso zokucindezela zokufakwa kwe-SAE zingasukela ku-1500 kuye ku-6000 psi, kuye ngosayizi nohlobo lokulinganisa. Ngokufanayo, izinga lokushisa lokufakwa kwe-SAE nalo lincane, ngokuvamile lisukela ku- -40°F ukuya ku-+250°F. Le mikhawulo yengcindezi kanye nezinga lokushisa yenza ukufakwa kwe-SAE kulunge kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukucindezela okuphansi nezimo zokushisa, ezifana nezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimoto nezezimboni.
Nakuba kokubili ukufakwa kwe-DIN ne-SAE kunezinzuzo zako ezihlukile, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kungase kube nezinkinga zokuhambisana uma usebenzisa lokhu kufakwa ndawonye. Ukwehluka kwezinhlobo zochungechunge nosayizi, kanye nomehluko ezilinganisweni zokucindezela kanye namazinga okushisa, kungenza kube inselele ukuxhuma ukufakwa kwe-DIN ne-SAE ngaphandle komthungo.
Kwezinye izimo, ama-adaptha noma okokufaka koshintsho kungase kudingeke ukuthi kusetshenziswe ukuvala igebe phakathi kokufakwa kwe-DIN ne-SAE. Lawa ma-adaptha avumela ukuxhunywa kwezinhlobo zentambo nosayizi abahlukene, okuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuphephile nokungavuziyo. Nokho, kubalulekile ukubonisana nochwepheshe onolwazi noma ubheke imihlahlandlela yomkhiqizi ukuze uqinisekise ukuhambisana nokuphepha kokusebenzisa ama-adaptha.
Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni ukufakwa kwepayipi lohlelo lwakho lokusebenza, kunezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele. Lezi zici zizoqinisekisa ukuthi ukhetha ukufakwa okulungile okuzohlinzeka ngoxhumano oluphephile nolusebenzayo lwamapayipi akho.
Enye yezinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha ukufakwa kwepayipi ukuqonda izidingo ezithile zohlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Lokhu kubandakanya ukucabangela uhlobo loketshezi noma impahla ezobe igeleza kumapayipi, kanye nezimo zokucindezela nezinga lokushisa okuzofakwa kuzo. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene zingase zidinge izinhlobo ezahlukene zokufakwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha.
Uma kuziwa ekufakweni kwepayipi, izinhlobo ezimbili ezijwayelekile ukufakwa kwe-DIN ne-SAE. Ukufakwa kwe-DIN kusetshenziswa kabanzi e-Europe, kuyilapho ukufakwa kwe-SAE kuvame ukusetshenziswa eNyakatho Melika. Ukukhetha phakathi kokufakwa kwe-DIN nokufakwa kwe-SAE kuzoncika ezidingweni zakho ezithile nokuncamelayo.
Ukufakwa kwe-DIN, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukufakwa kwe-German Industrial Standard fittings, kwaziwa ngokuklama kwakho okuqinile nokwakhiwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ezezimoto, ezokukhiqiza, kanye nezinhlelo ezisebenza ngamanzi. Ukufakwa kwe-DIN kwaziwa ngokuhambisana nezinhlobonhlobo zamapayipi kanye nekhono labo lokumelana nokucindezela okuphezulu nezimo zokushisa. Ziyaziwa nangokulula kwazo ukufakwa nokusebenza okuthembekile. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-DIN kungase kungatholakali kalula kuzo zonke izifunda futhi kungase kubize kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokufakwa kwe-SAE.
Ukufakwa kwe-SAE, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi yi-Society of Automotive Engineers fittings, kusetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezimoto nakwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho amasistimu we-hydraulic avame kakhulu. Ukufakwa kwe-SAE kwaziwa ngokuklama kwakho okujwayelekile nokuhambisana namapayipi e-SAE. Ngokuvamile zithengeka kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nokufakwa kwe-DIN futhi zitholakala kalula eNyakatho Melika. Ukufakwa kwe-SAE kwaziwa ngokuqina kwakho nokumelana nokudlidliza, okuzenza zifanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinomfutho ophezulu. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela izidingo ezithile zesicelo sakho ngaphambi kokukhetha ukufakwa kwe-SAE, njengoba kungase kungafaneleki kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ngokungeziwe ezidingweni ezithile zohlelo lwakho lokusebenza, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukutholakala nezindleko zokufakwa kwepayipi. Nakuba ukufakwa kwe-DIN kungase kunikeze ukusebenza okuphezulu, kungase kungatholakali kalula kuzo zonke izifunda. Lokhu kungaholela ekubambezelekeni ekutholeni okokufakwayo futhi kungase kunyuse izindleko zephrojekthi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukufakwa kwe-SAE kuvame ukutholakala kabanzi futhi kuyathengeka, okwenza kube ukukhetha okulula ezinhlelweni eziningi. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-SAE okukhethiwe kuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zohlelo lwakho lokusebenza ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha.
Uma kuziwa ekufakeni okokufakwa kwepayipi, kuneziqondiso ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile okufanele zilandelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulingana okufanele nokuvikelekile. Okokuqala futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, kubalulekile ukukhetha ukufakwa okulungile kohlelo lokusebenza oluthile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukucabangela izici ezifana nohlobo lwepayipi elisetshenziswayo, ingcindezi nezimfuneko zokushisa, nanoma yiziphi izindinganiso ezithile zomkhakha ezingase zisebenze. Uma sekukhethiwe ukufaka okufanelekile, kubalulekile ukulungisa kahle ipayipi nezindawo ezifanele. Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlanza nokuhlola kokubili ipayipi nokufakwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi akukho ukungcola, udoti, noma umonakalo ongafaka engozini ubuqotho bokuxhumana. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amathuluzi alungile namasu okufaka, njengama-torque wrenches nezinqubo ezifanele zokuqinisa, ukuvimbela ukuqiniswa ngokweqile noma ngaphansi okungaholela ekuvuzeni noma ekuhlulekeni.
Ukugcinwa kahle kokufakwa kwepayipi kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuphila isikhathi eside. Kufanele kuhlolwe njalo ukuze kubhekwe noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuguga, ukonakala, noma ukuvuza. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlola okokufakwayo kwanoma yikuphi ukuqhekeka, ukugqwala, noma ukuxega okuxekethile. Uma kukhona izinkinga ezihlonziwe, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ngokushesha ukuze kulungiswe futhi kulungiswe inkinga. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukulandela uhlelo lokulungisa olunconyiwe lomkhiqizi, olungase luhlanganise imisebenzi efana nokugcoba, ukuhlanza, noma ukushintsha izingxenye ezigugile. Ngokugcina ukufakwa kwamapayipi ngendlela efanele, izinkinga ezingaba khona zingabonakala futhi zixazululwe ngaphambi kokuba zinyuke, kuncishiswe ingcuphe yokuphelelwa isikhathi ebizayo, ukulimala kwemishini, noma izingozi zokuphepha.
Kokubili ukufakwa kwe-DIN ne-SAE kusetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ngokuthembeka nokuhambisana kwazo. Kodwa-ke, njenganoma yikuphi okunye ukufakwa, bangahlangabezana nezinkinga ezivamile ezingase zidinge ukuxazululwa kwezinkinga. Inkinga eyodwa evamile ukuvuza, okungenzeka ngenxa yokufakwa okungafanele, izimpawu ezigugile, noma izintambo ezilimele. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukufaneleka kwanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezibonakalayo zomonakalo noma ukungahambi kahle. Ukuqinisa ukufaka noma ukushintsha ama-seal kungase kudingeke ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yokuvuza. Enye inkinga evamile ukulimala kwentambo, okungase kubangele ukuqina kakhulu noma ukuwela. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kungase kudingeke ukuthi kushintshwe okokufakela noma ukulungisa izintambo ezilimele usebenzisa amathuluzi nezindlela ezifanele. Kubalulekile ukubonana neziqondiso zomkhiqizi noma ufune usizo lochwepheshe ukuze uxazulule izinkinga ezithile nge-DIN nokufakwa kwe-SAE.
Ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile nokushintshaniswa kubalulekile ekugcineni ubuqotho nokusebenza kokufakwa kwamapayipi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okokufakwayo kungabhekana nokuguga, ikakhulukazi ezinsizeni ezinomfutho ophakeme noma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Ukuhlola okuvamile kuvumela ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwanoma yiziphi izimpawu zokuwohloka, njengokuqhekeka, ukugqwala, noma ukuwohloka. Ngokuhlonza lezi zinkinga kusenesikhathi, izinyathelo ezifanele zingathathwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwehluleka okungenzeka noma izingozi. Ukwengeza, ukushintshwa ngezikhathi ezithile kokufakwa kungase kudingeke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotshelwa kwezindinganiso zomkhakha noma ukwamukela izinguquko ezidingweni zesistimu. Kubalulekile ukulandela izincomo zomkhiqizi mayelana nemvamisa yokuhlolwa nokushintshwa, kanye nokucabangela noma yiziphi izici ezithile zemvelo noma zokusebenza ezingase zithinte isikhathi sokuphila sokufakwa.
Sengiphetha, ukufakwa kwepayipi le-DIN ne-SAE kudlala indima ebalulekile ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene lapho ukwethembeka, ukuhambisana, nokusebenza kubalulekile. Ukufakwa kwe-DIN kwaziwa ngokuqina kwakho, ukuxhumana okungavuzi, kanye nokumelana nezingcindezi eziphezulu namazinga okushisa, okukwenza kuthandeke ezimbonini ezifana nezezimoto kanye ne-aerospace. Ukufakwa kwe-SAE, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zamanzi ngenxa yokwakheka kwazo okujwayelekile, ukwethembeka, kanye nokuhlukahluka. Uma ukhetha ukulingana okulungile kohlelo lwakho lokusebenza, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezifana nedizayini, izinhlobo zochungechunge, izilinganiso zokucindezela, ububanzi bezinga lokushisa, nezinkinga zokusebenzisana. Ngokukhetha ukufaka ipayipi elifanele nokulandela imihlahlandlela efanele yokufaka nokulungisa, ungaqinisekisa ukuxhuma okuphephile nokuphumelelayo okunengozi encane yokuvuza noma ukwehluleka. Hlala ubeke ukuphepha kuqala futhi uthintane nochwepheshe lapho kudingeka ukuze ugcine ukwethembeka kokufakwayo.
Q: Yimuphi umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokufakwa kwepayipi le-DIN ne-SAE?
A: Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-DIN kanye nokufakwa kwepayipi le-SAE ukuklama nobukhulu bazo. Ukufakwa kwe-DIN kuvame ukumetric futhi kune-engeli yekhoni engu-24°, kuyilapho ukufakwa kwe-SAE kuyi-engeli futhi kune-engeli yekhoni engu-37°. Ukwengeza, ukufakwa kwe-DIN kuvame ukuba nomklamo wophawu oluthunjiwe, kuyilapho ukufakwa kwe-SAE kusebenzisa i-O-ring noma i-metal-to-metal seal.
Q: Yiziphi izimboni ezivame ukusebenzisa ukufakwa kwepayipi le-DIN?
A: Ukufakwa kwepayipi le-DIN kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini ezifana nobunjiniyela be-hydraulic, ukukhiqiza izimoto, i-aerospace, nemishini esindayo. Zithandwa kakhulu emazweni aseYurophu futhi zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukuxhumeka kwe-hydraulic high-pressure.
Q: Ingabe ukufakwa kwepayipi le-DIN ne-SAE kuyashintshana?
A: Ukufakwa kwepayipi le-DIN ne-SAE ngokuvamile akushintsheki ngenxa yokwakheka nobukhulu obuhlukile. Ama-engeli e-cone nezindlela zokuvala ziyahluka phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili, okwenza kube nzima ukuzuza ukuxhumana okufanele. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa izifakelo ezihambisana nepayipi kanye nezicaciso zesistimu ukuze uqinisekise ukuxhumana okuphephile nokungavuziyo.
Q: Ngikukhetha kanjani ukufakwa kwepayipi okulungile kohlelo lwami lokusebenza?
IMP: Ukuze ukhethe ukufakwa kwepayipi elilungile lohlelo lwakho lokusebenza, cabangela izici ezifana nohlobo loketshezi oludluliswayo, izidingo zengcindezi, ibanga lokushisa, nokuhambisana nezinye izingxenye zesistimu. Xhumana nezicaciso zomkhiqizi nemihlahlandlela, noma ufune iseluleko kuchwepheshe onolwazi, ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi okokufaka kulungele isicelo sakho esithile.
Q: Yiziphi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-SAE hose fittings?
A: Ukufakwa kwepayipi le-SAE kunikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ububanzi obubanzi bosayizi abatholakalayo, izilinganiso zokucindezela okuphezulu, nokuhambisana okukhulu nezingxenye ze-hydraulic ezenziwe eMelika. Zisetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezimoto kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho amazinga e-SAE ekhethwa khona noma edingeka.
Umbuzo: Ngingakwazi ukusebenzisa ukufakwa kwe-DIN ngamapayipi e-SAE, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho?
A: Ngokuvamile akunconyiwe ukusebenzisa ukufakwa kwe-DIN ngamapayipi e-SAE, futhi okuphambene nalokho, ngenxa yomehluko ekuklanyweni nobukhulu. Kodwa-ke, kungase kube nezimo ezithile lapho ama-adaptha noma izifakelo zokuguqula zingasetshenziswa ukuxhuma izingxenye ze-DIN ne-SAE. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana okufanele futhi uxhumane nochwepheshe ukuze ugweme ukuvuza okungenzeka noma ukwehluleka.
