ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ 240 ꯆꯨꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯦ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯕꯥ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯦꯠꯔꯣꯐꯤꯠ ꯕꯦꯆꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯁꯣꯜꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯦ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ: ꯄꯨꯡ ꯲꯴꯰, ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯕꯤ.꯱꯱꯷꯫ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯗꯣꯀꯇꯥ ꯐꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯔꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯣꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯂꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯚꯥꯏꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯅꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯦꯇꯥꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ: ꯄꯨꯡ ꯲꯴꯰ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯋꯥꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯃꯉꯥꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯆ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯊꯤꯔꯤꯕꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ — ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯁꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯕꯤꯌꯨ: ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯄꯥꯁ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯄꯦꯄꯔꯋꯥꯔꯀꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯃꯉꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯔꯨꯏꯍꯨꯌꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯋꯦꯌꯔꯅꯥ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯦ ꯃꯉꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯞ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯟꯆꯀꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝ ꯄꯥꯔꯤ꯫

ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ: ꯄꯨꯡ ꯲꯴꯰ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯋꯥꯁꯛ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫

ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯟꯠꯔꯤꯃꯟꯗꯂꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ASTM B117ꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯗꯥ 5ꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯥꯏꯗ ꯐꯣꯒ ꯑꯃꯥ 35 °Cꯗꯥ, ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ, ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯦ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣ.꯹꯲꯲꯷ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯅꯥ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯜ ꯁꯣꯜꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯦ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯀꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯲꯴꯰ꯕꯨ 'ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯀꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ'ꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯣꯠ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯁꯗꯥꯎꯟ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤ, ꯔꯣꯗ ꯁꯣꯜꯇ, ꯑꯦꯕꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ. ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯍꯣꯜꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ 240 ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ, ꯕꯦꯆꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯕꯦꯆ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯟꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯀꯦꯂꯦꯟꯗꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯎ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯥꯔꯒꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯠꯂꯤ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯞ 1: ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯒꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯗꯤꯃꯥꯟꯗ ꯇꯧ꯫

ꯀꯣꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯂꯑꯥꯎꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ: ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯅꯦꯝ (ASTM B117 ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ISO 9227 NSS), ꯄꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄꯥꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ꯫ 'ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ-ꯅꯤꯀꯜ 8–12 μm, ASTM B117 ꯑꯃꯗꯥ h 240ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ' ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ 'ꯁꯣꯜꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯦ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ' ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯒꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯥ ꯱꯱ꯗꯥ ꯖꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯀꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯒꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ꯫

ꯔꯨꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯠ ꯇꯧ: ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯔꯆꯦꯖ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯔꯤꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯂꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯐꯤꯛꯁ ꯇꯧꯏ; ꯐꯦꯏꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯠꯔꯣꯐꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯗꯦ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯞ 2: ꯄꯥꯁ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ — ꯋꯥꯏꯇꯦꯞ ꯔꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯦꯗ ꯔꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫

ꯄꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯌ ꯄꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯉꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ꯫ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ (white rust) ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯦ; ꯃꯁꯤ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯉ꯭ꯀꯀꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯒꯤ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯖ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯗꯤꯡꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯗ-ꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯇꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ-ꯅꯤꯀꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ 'ꯄꯨꯡ ꯲꯴꯰ꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ'ꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ 240ꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯕ꯭ꯂꯨꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯐꯦꯏꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯀꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯏ: 5–8 μm ꯔꯦꯟꯖꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ 96 ꯊꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯒꯤ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ 240ꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ, ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ — ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯎꯟꯗꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯤꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯉꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯏꯂꯔ ꯃꯣꯗ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯕꯦꯆ ꯁꯤꯄꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯞ 3: ꯄꯨꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ꯫

ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛ ꯇꯉꯈꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ 8–12 μm ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ-ꯅꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯕꯤꯅꯦꯠꯇꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ 240 ꯔꯣꯝ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ; ꯵–꯸ μm ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯀꯀꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯹꯶ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫꯳ μm ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯲꯴꯰ꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯕꯦꯆ ꯈꯔ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯉꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩꯗꯥ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧ꯫ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯟꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯒꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯗꯣꯛ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯂꯧ: ꯀꯣꯟ ꯁꯤꯠ, ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯔꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ ꯋꯤꯟꯗꯣ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯥ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ, ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯆ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯗꯧ — ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯀꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯞ 4: ꯄꯦꯄꯔꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯣ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯕꯣꯛꯁ ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯨ꯫

ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯟ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯍꯤꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯏ: ꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯏꯪ ꯀꯣꯂꯑꯥꯎꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯔꯆꯦꯖ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯗꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯄꯔꯆꯦꯖ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯕꯦꯆꯇꯥ, ꯕꯦꯆ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯕꯣꯛꯁ ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯂꯗꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯣꯛꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯕꯦꯆ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯂꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫

ꯔꯨꯏꯍꯨꯌꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯋꯥꯌꯔꯅꯥ ꯕꯣꯛꯁ ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛ ꯃꯥꯔꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯆ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ 'Zn-Ni 8–12 μm, 240 h per ASTM B117'ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯂꯑꯥꯎꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯧꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ꯫ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯠꯔꯣꯐꯤꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣ.ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯕꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ; ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯣꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯐꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯃꯤꯛꯁ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯞ 5: ꯗꯣꯛ ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯦꯛꯁꯟ — ꯂꯦꯕ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯖꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ꯫

ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯠ ꯇꯔꯥ ꯆꯪꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ:

1. ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫  ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯞ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯒ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯍꯨꯃꯤꯗ ꯍꯣꯜꯗ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯪꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

2. ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯐꯣꯔꯃꯤꯇꯤ꯫  ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯂꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯂꯚꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯦꯠꯆꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦ, ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯎꯗ ꯄꯦꯆꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫

3. ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯜ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫  ꯀꯣꯟ ꯁꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯕꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯔꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ꯫ ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯆ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

4. ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯚꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫  ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯕꯣ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯠ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯑꯦꯂꯕꯣ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯜ ꯀꯣꯟ ꯐꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯀꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫

5. ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯁꯣꯏ ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫  ꯕꯣꯛꯁ ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯗꯤꯕꯜ, ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛ ꯂꯦꯖꯤꯕꯜ, ꯕꯦꯆ ꯅꯝꯕꯔ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫ ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ, ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ, ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ 1000 MPa ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯥꯏꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯔꯨꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯚꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯍꯥꯌꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯟ ꯗꯤ-ꯑꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯂꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯕꯦꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯁꯨ ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯔꯣ — ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ 190ꯗꯒꯤ 200 °C ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ, ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ-ꯅꯤꯀꯜ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯇꯥ꯫

ꯌꯥꯕꯥ, ꯅꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯥ: ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯍꯣꯜꯗꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯄꯨꯡ ꯲꯴꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯨꯏꯍꯨꯌꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯋꯦꯌꯔꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯒꯦ꯫

ꯔꯨꯏꯍꯨꯌꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯔꯦꯟꯖꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯵꯰꯰꯱꯱ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯐꯥꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯟ.꯲꯳꯵꯳ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣ.꯸꯴꯳꯴-꯱ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯇꯨꯕꯄꯨ ꯍꯣꯁꯀꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ-ꯅꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯸–꯱꯲ μmꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯤ.꯴꯵ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯕꯤ.꯱꯱꯷ꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯲꯴꯰ꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯒꯤ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯊꯃꯗꯦ, ꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯖꯗꯥ ꯳꯱꯵ ꯕꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯚꯤ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯖꯗꯥ ꯶꯳꯰ ꯕꯥꯔꯗꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯔꯕꯔ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ, ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯇ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯛ ꯂꯣꯗꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯁꯛ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯐꯨꯗ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯵꯰꯰꯱꯱ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯖ ꯄꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫.

ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯈꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯗꯤ 2J ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯖꯦ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯁꯤ  . ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯐꯪꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ... ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ-ꯅꯤꯀꯜ ꯚꯦꯔꯁꯦꯁ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ  ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯣꯅꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ: ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯚꯥꯏꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯦ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯍꯪꯂꯤꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯄꯨꯡ 240ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯦ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯆꯍꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯔꯥ?

ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯀꯦꯕꯤꯅꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯗꯥ ꯵ꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯜꯇ ꯐꯣꯒ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯳꯵ °Cꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯤ; ꯂꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯗꯦ꯫ ꯄꯨꯡ 240 ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯆꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯍꯣꯜꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯆꯍꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯗꯅꯕꯥ꯫

ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ (white rust) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯖꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯔꯥ?

ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯏꯠ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯨꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖꯅꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯀꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯨꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯞꯇ-ꯋꯤꯊ-ꯅꯣꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯒꯤ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯖꯦꯛꯇ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯲꯴꯰ꯒꯤ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ-ꯅꯤꯀꯜ ꯀꯣꯂꯑꯥꯎꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ, ꯍꯦꯚꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯨꯝ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯣꯜꯗ-ꯑꯦꯟꯗ-ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯛ-ꯐꯣꯔ-ꯗꯤ-ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯔꯆꯦꯖ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯄꯥꯁ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯀꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ-ꯅꯤꯀꯜ 8–12 μm, ASTM B117 ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ISO 9227 NSSꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ 240ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯏꯪꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯣ.ꯗꯥ ꯕꯣꯛꯁ ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ꯫

ꯂꯦꯕ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯍꯣꯏ. ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯒꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ XRF ꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯀꯣꯟ ꯁꯤꯠ, ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯔꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯋꯤꯟꯗꯣ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯀꯣꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ 'ꯁꯣꯜꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯦ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ' ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤ — ꯌꯥꯕꯥ?

ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯗ꯭ꯍꯔꯤ. ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ, ꯄꯨꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯪꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯦ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯄꯤ; ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫

ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯄꯥꯔꯠ ꯅꯝꯕꯔ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫

ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ.ꯗꯥ, ꯃꯃꯂꯒꯤ ꯈꯟꯅ-ꯅꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯂꯑꯥꯎꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯏꯪ ꯅꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ: ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ, ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ, ꯄꯨꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯨꯏꯍꯨꯌꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯋꯦꯌꯔꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯄꯦꯖ  , ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯕꯣꯛꯁ ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯝꯂꯤ꯫ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯖ . ꯗꯣꯀꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯆ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯉꯥꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯅꯤ꯫