ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯗꯄꯇꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯞꯂꯣꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯩꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤ: ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ. ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯅꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯉꯂꯀꯈꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯌꯔ ꯇꯧꯖꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯍꯥꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯜꯂꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯜꯂꯁꯤ꯫
ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.
ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯒꯨꯅꯁꯤꯡ
ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯣꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛꯁ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯁꯥꯏꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯣꯇꯤꯕ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.)ꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ SAE ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯕꯣꯁ (ORB) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯖꯦ.꯵꯱꯴ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯎꯠꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ:
l ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯣꯜꯇ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ
l ꯑꯃꯥ . ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ
L ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯖꯦ.꯵꯱꯸ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯀꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ
ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛꯁꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ .
ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛꯁꯇꯥ, ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ. ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯕꯣꯁ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.
ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ:
ꯑꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯄꯝꯄꯁꯤꯡ .
ꯑꯦꯜ ꯚꯂꯚꯔꯁꯤꯡ .
ꯑꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯟꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡ .
ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ
ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯆꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯅꯤꯊꯣꯏꯗꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯦꯁ ꯅꯝꯕꯔ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ -꯴, -꯶, -꯸) ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, -8 ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ 8/16 ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ 1/2 ꯏꯟꯆꯤ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ:
1. ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯀꯅꯨ꯫
2. ꯏꯟꯆꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ (TPI) ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯀꯅꯨ꯫
DIN 20066, ISO/DIS 6162, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ JIS B 8363ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ SAE J518 ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ SAE ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯕꯣꯜꯇ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫
ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ, ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ. ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯕꯣꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯗꯄꯇꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯟ
ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯆꯥꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯚꯤꯌꯨ
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯆꯥꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯄꯥꯏꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯄꯂꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯛꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ NPT ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯅꯥ, ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.
ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ
ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ. ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
L SAE ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔ : ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯡ, ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯕꯣꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫
L SAE ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔ : ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ, ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯀꯣꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯛꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯴꯵° ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯟ-ꯗꯦꯞ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁ
ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.꯴꯵° ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯴꯵ꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯇꯜ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯇꯨꯕꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.(ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯣꯏꯊꯤꯂꯤꯟ) ꯇꯦꯞ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯟꯇ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯎꯟꯗꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯖꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
l ꯕꯣꯜꯇ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯁꯤꯡ : ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯖꯦ.꯵꯱꯸ , ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯟ.꯲꯰꯰꯶꯶ , ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣ./ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.꯶꯱꯶꯲ , ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯦ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯕꯤ.꯸꯳꯶꯳ꯒꯥ .
L o ꯔꯤꯡ : ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯉꯥꯏ ꯐꯗꯕꯥ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯕꯣꯁ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ
ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.꯴꯵° ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯌꯔ – ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯖꯦ.꯵꯱꯲ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ
![ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.-ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯌꯔ-ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.-ꯖꯦ.꯵꯱꯲.]()
ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯣꯗ & ꯄꯤꯆ . | ꯗꯦꯁ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯴. | ꯄꯨꯔꯨꯁ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯣ.ꯗꯤ. | ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯗꯤ. | ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯴. |
ꯏꯟꯆꯤ – ꯇꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ. |
| ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯝ. | ꯏꯟꯆꯤ ꯴. | ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯝ. | ꯏꯟꯆꯤ ꯴. | ꯏꯟꯆꯤ ꯴. |
꯵/꯱꯶ – ꯲꯴ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ | -05 | 7.9 | 0.31 | 6.8 | 0.27 | ꯱/꯸ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ |
꯳/꯸ – ꯲꯴ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ | -06 | 9.5 | 0.38 | 8.4 | 0.33 | ꯳/꯱꯶ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ. |
꯷/꯱꯶ – ꯲꯰ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ | -07 | 11.1 | 0.44 | 9.9 | 0.39 | ꯱/꯴. |
꯱/꯲ – ꯲꯰ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ | -08 | 12.7 | 0.50 | 11.4 | 0.44 | ꯵/꯱꯶ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ. |
꯵/꯸ – ꯱꯸ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ | -10 | 15.9 | 0.63 | 14.2 | 0.56 | ꯳/꯸ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ |
꯳/꯴ – ꯱꯶ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ. | -12 | 19.1 | 0.75 | 17.5 | 0.69 | ꯱/꯲. |
꯷/꯸ – ꯱꯴ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ | -14 | 22.2 | 0.88 | 20.6 | 0.81 | ꯵/꯸ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ |
꯱.꯱/꯱꯶ – ꯱꯴ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ | -17 | 27.0 | 1.06 | 24.9 | 0.98 | ꯳/꯴ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ |
ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.꯴꯵o ꯏꯅꯚꯥꯔꯇꯦꯗ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯌꯔ – ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯖꯦ.꯵꯱꯲ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ
![ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.-ꯏꯅꯚꯥꯔꯇꯦꯗ-ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯌꯔ-ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.-ꯖꯦ.꯵꯱꯲.]()
ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯣꯗ & ꯄꯤꯆ . | ꯗꯦꯁ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯴. | ꯄꯨꯔꯨꯁ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯣ.ꯗꯤ. | ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯗꯤ. | ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯴. |
ꯏꯟꯆꯤ – ꯇꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ. |
| ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯝ. | ꯏꯟꯆꯤ ꯴. | ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯝ. | ꯏꯟꯆꯤ ꯴. | ꯏꯟꯆꯤ ꯴. |
꯷/꯱꯶ – ꯲꯴ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ | -07 | 11.1 | 0.44 | 9.9 | 0.39 | ꯱/꯴. |
꯱/꯲ – ꯲꯰ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ | -08 | 12.7 | 0.50 | 11.4 | 0.45 | ꯵/꯱꯶ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ. |
꯵/꯸ – ꯱꯸ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ | -10 | 15.9 | 0.63 | 14.2 | 0.56 | ꯳/꯸ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ |
꯱꯱/꯱꯶ – ꯱꯸ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ | -11 | 17.5 | 0.69 | 16.0 | 0.63 | ꯷/꯱꯶ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ. |
ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯂꯣꯠ ꯑꯣ ꯔꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯂꯁ ꯄꯥꯏꯂꯣꯠ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯁꯨꯏꯚꯦꯜ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ
![ꯁꯥꯏ-ꯄꯥꯏꯂꯠ-ꯅꯨꯄꯤ-ꯁ꯭ꯕꯤꯚꯦꯜ]()
ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯣꯗ & ꯄꯤꯆ . | ꯗꯦꯁ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯴. | ꯄꯨꯔꯨꯁ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯣ.ꯗꯤ. | ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯗꯤ. | ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯴. |
ꯏꯟꯆꯤ – ꯇꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ. |
| ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯝ. | ꯏꯟꯆꯤ ꯴. | ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯝ. | ꯏꯟꯆꯤ ꯴. | ꯏꯟꯆꯤ ꯴. |
꯵/꯸ – ꯱꯸ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ | -10 | 15.9 | 0.63 | 14.2 | 0.56 | -6 |
꯳/꯴ – ꯱꯸ꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫ | -12 | 19.0 | 0.75 | 17.8 | 0.70 | -8 |
꯷/꯸ – ꯱꯸ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ | -14 | 22.2 | 0.88 | 20.6 | 0.81 | -10 |
ꯄꯥꯏꯂꯣꯠ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯁꯨꯏꯚꯦꯜ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ
![ꯁꯥꯏ-ꯄꯥꯏꯂꯠ-ꯅꯨꯄꯤ-ꯁ꯭ꯕꯤꯚꯦꯜ]()
ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯣꯗ & ꯄꯤꯆ . | ꯗꯦꯁ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯴. | ꯄꯨꯔꯨꯁ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯣ.ꯗꯤ. | ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯗꯤ. | ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯴. |
ꯏꯟꯆꯤ – ꯇꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ. |
| ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯝ. | ꯏꯟꯆꯤ ꯴. | ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯝ. | ꯏꯟꯆꯤ ꯴. | ꯏꯟꯆꯤ ꯴. |
꯵/꯸ – ꯱꯸ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ | -10 | 15.9 | 0.63 | 14.2 | 0.56 | -6 |
꯳/꯴ – ꯱꯶ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ. | -12 | 19.0 | 0.75 | 17.5 | 0.69 | -8 |
꯳/꯴ – ꯱꯶ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ. | -12 | 19.0 | 0.75 | 17.5 | 0.69 | -8 |
ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.
ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? – ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯚꯤꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯥ .
ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ. ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯏꯄꯇꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯠꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.
ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.
![ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.-ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.-ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ]()
ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ. ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.
ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ & ꯄꯤꯆ | ꯗꯦꯁ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯴. | ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯃꯥꯏꯅꯣꯔ ꯑꯣ.ꯗꯤ. | ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯗꯤ. |
ꯏꯟꯆꯤ – ꯇꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ. |
| ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯝ. | ꯏꯟꯆꯤ ꯴. | ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯝ. | ꯏꯟꯆꯤ ꯴. |
꯱/꯸ – ꯲꯷ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ. | -02 | 9.9 | 0.39 | 8.4 | 0.33 |
꯱/꯴ – ꯱꯸ꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫ | -04 | 13.2 | 0.52 | 11.2 | 0.44 |
꯳/꯸ – ꯱꯸ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ | -06 | 16.6 | 0.65 | 14.7 | 0.58 |
꯱/꯲ – ꯱꯴ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ. | -08 | 20.6 | 0.81 | 17.8 | 0.70 |
꯳/꯴ – ꯱꯴ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ | -12 | 26.0 | 1.02 | 23.4 | 0.92 |
꯱ – ꯱꯱.꯱/꯲ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ | -16 | 32.5 | 1.28 | 29.5 | 1.16 |
꯱.꯱/꯴ – ꯱꯱.꯱/꯲ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ | -20 | 41.2 | 1.62 | 38.1 | 1.50 |
꯱.꯱/꯲ – ꯱꯱.꯱/꯲ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ | -24 | 47.3 | 1.86 | 43.9 | 1.73 |
꯲ – ꯱꯱.꯱/꯲ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ | -32 | 59.3 | 2.33 | 56.4 | 2.22 |
꯲.꯱/꯲ – ꯸ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ | -40 | 71.5 | 2.82 | 69.1 | 2.72 |
꯳ – ꯸ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯴. | -48 | 87.3 | 3.44 | 84.8 | 3.34 |
ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.
ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯛꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯗꯄꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯒꯤ ꯍꯣꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯏꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ, ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ. ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯕꯣꯁ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯦꯗꯄꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.
ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ
NPT ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:
1. ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯀꯅꯨ꯫
2. ꯇꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯕꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯆꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯅꯗꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯄꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇ ꯇꯧ꯫
3. ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ NPT ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ NPT ꯆꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯉꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ. ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.
ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ: ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯕꯅꯥꯝ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ
ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯕꯣꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯄꯦꯇꯔꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯟꯅ-ꯇꯩꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.)ꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫
L SAE : ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ, ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ꯫
L NPT : ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ, ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ꯫
ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ: ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯕꯅꯥꯝ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯂꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ
ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯐꯝꯃꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯣꯆ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯠꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.(ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯣꯏꯊꯤꯂꯤꯟ) ꯇꯦꯞ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯟꯇ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.
L SAE : ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ
ꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ .: ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ .
ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ: ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ. ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.
ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯖꯦ.꯵꯱꯴ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯖꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯖꯦ.꯵꯱꯸, ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯟ.꯲꯰꯰꯶꯶, ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣ./ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.꯶꯱꯶꯲, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯕꯤ.꯸꯳꯶꯳ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯔꯣꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯌꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ (ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯏ./ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯏ. ꯕꯤ.꯱.꯲꯰.꯱) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯦꯄꯔ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯗꯄꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤ꯫
ꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ .: ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯃꯤ꯫
L NPT : ꯄ꯭ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯌꯔꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.
ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ SAE ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ SAE ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ SAE J518, DIN 20066, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ISO/DIS 6162ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯀꯣꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ, ꯁꯦꯛꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯞ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯕꯣꯜꯇ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧ꯫
ANSI/ASME B1.20.1ꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ NPT ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯣꯆ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯞ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ. ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯠꯄꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ; ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯕꯂꯁꯨꯇꯤꯡ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ
ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯖꯦ.꯵꯱꯴ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ. ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯕꯣꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯎ꯫ NPT ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯏꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ, PTFE ꯇꯦꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ, ꯁꯤꯂꯟꯇ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯎꯟꯗ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.
ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯅꯕꯥ
ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯈꯠꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ:
1. ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫
2. ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯂꯦꯄꯍꯅꯕꯥ꯫
3. ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯜꯂꯨ꯫
4. ꯊꯣꯡ-ꯊꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯐꯤꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯀꯥꯌ-ꯑꯇꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ꯫
5. ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫
ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯇꯨꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.
ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯕ
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ. ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯞ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ. ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯃꯔꯣꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.
ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯖꯦ.꯵꯱꯴ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯕꯣꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ. ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ, ANSI/ASME B1.20.1ꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ NPT ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫
ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯤꯁꯃꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ, ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯣꯃꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯣꯎꯅꯇꯥꯏꯝ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ For instance, when connecting SAE fittings to a hydraulic system, ensure compatibility with standards like SAE J518, DIN 20066, ISO/DIS 6162, or JIS B 8363. These standards speak to the dimensions, including bolt sizes and flange clamp requirements, ensuring a secure and appropriate fit.
ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯕꯣꯁ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ. ꯑꯣ-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯄꯤ.ꯇꯤ.
ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤ-ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯄꯥꯏꯄꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯕꯁꯨ-ꯁꯥꯏ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ NPT ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ, ꯄꯅꯈꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯛꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯅꯕꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫
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